ISCO 2411 · O*NET 13-2011.00 · codes unverified
Accountant
Automated continuously since the spreadsheet, and still growing. Which is either reassuring or a warning, depending on which decade you look at.
Chapter two, as the long view. This is a job that has been automated repeatedly and is still here. Read the essay →
A large share of the work is moving. The remaining core is narrower and more senior than it used to be.
Scale, labels and thresholds are provisional. This is open question Q-02.
17 of 20 in the launch set
How the score is made
Four declared inputs, never collapsed into one number. Assistance is kept apart from outright automation, because a tool that makes you faster and a tool that replaces you are not the same event. Physical work counts as shelter only to the extent robotics cannot reach it.
The full method is written out, including what it cannot tell you.
Note on this occupation Placeholder values. This occupation is the strongest argument for the history thread.
- Assisted
- 80
- Done outright
- 72
- Physical
- 6
- Robotics reach
- 35
Higher is generally good news. It means more of the work gets faster without the work going away.
This is the number most people mean when they say exposure. It is kept separate from assistance on purpose.
Protective only for as long as robotics cannot reach it. Read this one next to the robotics number, never alone.
Low reach turns physical work into shelter. High reach turns it into the main exposure.
placeholder Working Paper 140, Generative AI and Jobs 2025 index O*NET 31.0 Gen AI Capacity Study September 2025 detailed data release Anthropic Economic Index Pin one release data 0.1-placeholder
What changes
Tasks moving to machines, in whole or in part.
- Reconciliation, categorisation and ledger maintenance.
- Standard statutory reporting.
- First-pass analysis and variance commentary.
What stays human
Tasks that need a person, and why.
- Signing something and meaning it.
- Judgement where the rules do not cleanly apply.
- Telling a client the thing they are avoiding.
What's new
Work that did not exist in this job ten years ago.
- Assurance over automated and machine-generated records.
- Advisory work at volumes the compliance workload used to block.
- Explaining an automated figure to a regulator.
These three lists are editorial commentary, written against task-level data but not generated from it (OCC-05). Treat them as the author's reading, not as output.
Compare with another job
Pick one. You get a card with both scores, both sets of components, and a link worth sending to someone.
- Hairdresser 84
- Plumber 82
- Primary school teacher 79
- Electrician 79
- Aged care worker 75
- General practitioner 73
- Registered nurse 72
- Chef 69
- Fashion designer 65
- Civil engineer 59
- Product designer 55
- Software developer 44
- Graphic designer 43
- Heavy truck driver 34
- Data analyst 32
- Paralegal 31
- Copywriter 24
- Bank teller 13
- Customer service representative 12
Sources used on this page
- Working Paper 140, Generative AI and Jobs
International Labour Organization · 2025 index · Confirm
- O*NET
US Department of Labor · 31.0 · CC BY 4.0
- Gen AI Capacity Study
Jobs and Skills Australia · September 2025 detailed data release · Confirm
- Anthropic Economic Index
Anthropic · Pin one release · Confirm
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