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Deep breath. It's probably not your whole job.

How much of your job could AI actually do?

We took 427 jobs apart, one everyday task at a time, all 3,265 of them. Look yours up and see which bits AI can already do, which it can help with, and which still need you.

Did you know? Truck drivers hand more work to AI than programmers do. Hardly any of them use it.

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What the evidence says 14 min read

The new jobs are coming. Nobody has built the road to them yet.

AI is now the reason US employers give most for job cuts, yet cuts are falling. McKinsey says the real test is moving 11 million people into new work, and most of the roads aren't built.

Read the article →
427
jobs From surgeons to shelf stackers. Yes, including yours (probably).
3,265
everyday tasks Each one rated for how much of it AI could do. Somebody had to.
73
the typical job holds up this well out of 100. Specialist medical practitioners sit bang in the middle.
181
jobs with a robot asterisk AI software can’t lift a finger here, literally. A robot one day might.

We didn't just ask a chatbot which jobs it fancies taking.

We started with what people actually do all day, using the International Labour Organization's ratings for every task. Each score is one sum you can check on the back of an envelope. And remember: a task AI can do isn't a job that disappears.

How we worked it out →

Who's safest? Who's in for a shake-up?

All 427 jobs in one league table. Find out where yours finishes, and who you're allowed to be smug about at dinner.

See the league table →

New every day

Today's five. Think you could guess?

Five pairs of jobs, the same five for everyone today: which holds up better against AI? Share your score without spoiling the answers, then come back tomorrow for a new five.

Play today's five → Surprise me →

New jobs

AI isn't only taking tasks. It's creating jobs too.

18 jobs that barely existed a few years ago

Robot teleoperators. AI red teamers, who get paid to trick chatbots. Data centre technicians. What they do, who's hiring, and which jobs people moved over from.

Explore the new jobs →

Find your job

Type what you'd say at a party, not what's on your contract. The search knows other names too: “septic tank servicer” finds plumbers.

428 jobs

  1. Not ExposedISCO 7126 Plumber Almost all of the work is measuring, cutting, joining and fitting pipes on site, which no AI tool can do. Reading the plans is the only task it gets anywhere near. 85 holds up 59 AI helps 15 AI does it 72.1 Hands-on
  2. Not ExposedISCO 5141 Hairdresser Seven of the eight tasks happen with hands on a client's head, and AI barely touches any of them. The one it could take on is booking appointments and taking payment. 83 holds up 47 AI helps 24 AI does it 45.9 Hands-on
  3. Not ExposedISCO 7411 Electrician Installing, wiring and inspecting on site make up most of the job, and AI barely touches six of the eight tasks. Only reading wiring diagrams and testing circuits come anywhere close, and even those are mostly out of reach. 81 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 76.1 Hands-on
  4. Minimal ExposureISCO 8332 Heavy truck driver Driving, loading and strapping down the load are all well out of AI software's reach. Planning the route is the one task it could take a fair chunk of. Self-driving trucks are a robot question, and this score doesn't measure robots. 76 holds up 56 AI helps 21 AI does it 63.6 Hands-on
  5. Minimal ExposureISCO 5322 Aged care worker Helping clients wash, dress, eat and move AI barely touches. What it could take on is the admin around the care: booking appointments and keeping care records. 75 holds up 47 AI helps 21 AI does it 61.7 Hands-on
  6. Not ExposedISCO 3434 Chef Cooking, seasoning and tasting AI barely touches. It gets closest in the kitchen office: planning menus, costing dishes and ordering supplies. 75 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 54.5 Hands-on
  7. Not ExposedISCO 2221 Registered nurse Hands-on care, like giving medication and dressing wounds, AI barely touches. Research, health education and answering patients' questions are where it gets closest, and even those are mostly out of its reach. 75 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 61.1 Hands-on
  8. Not ExposedISCO 2341 Primary school teacher Supervising children and keeping order AI barely touches. Planning lessons and marking are where it gets closest, and even those are mostly out of its reach. 74 holds up 63 AI helps 32 AI does it 23.4 Hands-on
  9. Not ExposedISCO 2211 General practitioner Examining patients and doing procedures AI barely touches. Research, records and reporting to the authorities are where it gets closest, but all eleven tasks stay mostly out of its reach. 71 holds up 70 AI helps 34 AI does it 13.3 Hands-on
  10. Not ExposedISCO 2142 Civil engineer Six of the seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach: designing structures, choosing methods and materials, and directing the build. Research is where it gets closest; maintaining existing structures is furthest away. 70 holds up 74 AI helps 33 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  11. Minimal ExposureISCO 2163 Fashion designer The ILO files this under product and garment designers. Writing up a design for production is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of; sketching, briefing clients and making prototypes are mostly or entirely out of its reach. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 39 AI does it 32.8 Hands-on
  12. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3411 Paralegal Drafting legal documents and preparing property and share transfers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Keeping order in court and investigating theft it barely touches, which pulls the average back up. 61 holds up 59 AI helps 37 AI does it 14.7 Hands-on
  13. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2529 Data analyst The ILO files this under a catch-all group for database and network professionals, whose tasks are mostly about data security. AI could take a fair chunk of watching for threats and planning data protection; the rest is mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 4.1 Hands-on
  14. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2166 Product designer The ILO lumps product designers in with graphic and multimedia designers, the closest match, so it shares graphic design's score. AI could take a fair chunk of making images and forming concepts; working with clients is mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 64 AI helps 49 AI does it 30.8 Hands-on
  15. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2166 Graphic designer AI could take a fair chunk of six of the ten tasks, led by making images and animations, forming concepts and preparing layouts. Haggling over designs with clients and overseeing production are furthest from its reach. 51 holds up 64 AI helps 49 AI does it 22.4 Hands-on
  16. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2411 Accountant AI could take a fair chunk of half the eight tasks, led by preparing financial statements and designing costing systems. Auditing the books and investigating fraud or insolvency are mostly out of its reach. 49 holds up 73 AI helps 54 AI does it 13.6 Hands-on
  17. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2512 Software developer AI could take a fair chunk of six of the eight tasks, led by testing, working out requirements and documenting fixes. Only talking things through with engineers and customers is mostly out of its reach. 47 holds up 77 AI helps 63 AI does it 14.2 Hands-on
  18. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2642 Copywriter The ILO files this under journalists. AI could take a fair chunk of seven of the ten tasks, mostly checking, editing and picking copy. Interviewing people and writing reviews are furthest from its reach. 46 holds up 70 AI helps 61 AI does it 9.4 Hands-on
  19. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4222 Customer service representative AI could take a fair chunk of all six tasks: logging requests, sending documents, taking payments and passing work along. With nothing safely out of reach, it scores second lowest of the twenty. 42 holds up 73 AI helps 75 AI does it 33.6 Hands-on
  20. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4211 Bank teller AI could take a fair chunk of five of the six tasks: crediting accounts, paying bills, changing currency and balancing the till. That gives it the lowest score of the twenty. 42 holds up 67 AI helps 54 AI does it 35.6 Hands-on
  21. Not ExposedISCO 7112 Bricklayers and related workers AI barely touches any of the three tasks: laying brick and stone walls, building patios and garden walls, and laying paths and kerbs. No app has ever pointed a wall. 91 holds up 49 AI helps 17 AI does it 69.1 Hands-on
  22. Not ExposedISCO 9122 Vehicle cleaners AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from washing and polishing cars and windows to getting stains out and blacking tyres. 91 holds up 40 AI helps 11 AI does it 64 Hands-on
  23. Not ExposedISCO 9624 Water and firewood collectors AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from carrying water from rivers and wells to gathering, bundling and transporting firewood. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 65 Hands-on
  24. Not ExposedISCO 6224 Hunters and trappers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from setting traps and hunting to maintaining gear and selling live animals. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  25. Not ExposedISCO 9211 Crop farm labourers AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from planting and picking by hand and stacking hay to packing produce and mending fences. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 69 Hands-on
  26. Not ExposedISCO 7133 Building structure cleaners AI barely touches any of the three tasks: cleaning building exteriors, sweeping chimneys and flues, and clearing asbestos, mould and fire damage. 91 holds up 47.7 AI helps 17 AI does it – Hands-on
  27. Not ExposedISCO 9611 Garbage and recycling collectors AI barely touches any of the four tasks: collecting rubbish and recycling, lifting and emptying bins, riding the truck and unloading it. 91 holds up 32 AI helps 17 AI does it 64.3 Hands-on
  28. Not ExposedISCO 9312 Civil engineering labourers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from digging trenches and breaking concrete with a jackhammer to loading materials and clearing the site. 91 holds up 37.8 AI helps 14 AI does it 73.4 Hands-on
  29. Not ExposedISCO 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the three tasks: demolition, putting up scaffolding and maintenance work up tall structures. 91 holds up 41 AI helps 11 AI does it 71.9 Hands-on
  30. Not ExposedISCO 9215 Forestry labourers AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from planting seedlings to felling trees with a chainsaw and cutting them into logs. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 71.2 Hands-on
  31. Not ExposedISCO 9313 Building construction labourers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from mixing and pouring concrete and mortar to digging, tidying the site and salvaging bricks. 91 holds up 40.6 AI helps 14.7 AI does it 74.9 Hands-on
  32. Not ExposedISCO 9613 Sweepers and related labourers AI barely touches any of the four tasks: sweeping streets and public places, clearing leaves and snow, shovelling snow and beating carpets. 91 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it – Hands-on
  33. Not ExposedISCO 7122 Floor layers and tile setters AI barely touches any of the four tasks: preparing floors and walls, and laying carpet, tiles and mosaics. 90 holds up 56.5 AI helps 17.5 AI does it 65.5 Hands-on
  34. Not ExposedISCO 9129 Other cleaning workers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from cleaning carpets and upholstery to pressure-washing stonework and clearing deposits with suction kit. 90 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it 71.8 Hands-on
  35. Not ExposedISCO 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from building formwork and reinforced concrete to finishing the surface. 90 holds up 44.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 76.9 Hands-on
  36. Not ExposedISCO 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from grading and marking stone to splitting quarried blocks and setting monuments. 89 holds up 49 AI helps 17 AI does it 79.3 Hands-on
  37. Not ExposedISCO 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from maintaining and moving mining equipment to taking out old supports and dangerous rock. 89 holds up 40 AI helps 18 AI does it 90.9 Hands-on
  38. Not ExposedISCO 7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers AI barely touches any of the thirteen tasks, from scraping and trimming pelts to grading, dressing and dyeing leather. 89 holds up 54.7 AI helps 27 AI does it 60.1 Hands-on
  39. Not ExposedISCO 9622 Odd job persons AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from changing light bulbs and tap washers to adjusting doors and fitting handrails. 89 holds up 43 AI helps 10 AI does it 74.2 Hands-on
  40. Not ExposedISCO 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from marking and shaping steel to putting up frameworks for buildings, bridges and ships. 89 holds up 53 AI helps 17.7 AI does it 71 Hands-on
  41. Not ExposedISCO 9123 Window cleaners AI barely touches any of the three tasks: picking the right tools, washing and polishing glass, and working from ladders, cradles and cherry pickers. 89 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  42. Not ExposedISCO 9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from feeding farmed fish and shellfish to handling mooring lines and gathering seaweed. 89 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  43. Not ExposedISCO 9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers AI barely touches any of the eleven tasks, from harvesting by hand and packing produce to checking livestock and digging ditches. 89 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.7 Hands-on
  44. Not ExposedISCO 7123 Plasterers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from hanging and finishing plasterboard to casting ornamental plaster and applying fireproofing. 89 holds up 44 AI helps 12 AI does it 62 Hands-on
  45. Not ExposedISCO 9214 Garden and horticultural labourers AI barely touches any of the nine tasks, from watering and weeding by hand to harvesting plants and clearing rubbish. 88 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 61.3 Hands-on
  46. Not ExposedISCO 6340 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from gathering wild food and making tools and clothes to fetching water and trading at market. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 71.4 Hands-on
  47. Not ExposedISCO 6210 Forestry and related workers AI barely touches any of the ten tasks, from felling trees with a chainsaw and moving logs to watching for fires and training new workers. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 69.7 Hands-on
  48. Not ExposedISCO 6330 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers AI barely touches any of the nine tasks, from raising animals and gathering wild plants to fetching water and trading at market. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 68.7 Hands-on
  49. Not ExposedISCO 7132 Spray painters and varnishers AI barely touches any of the three tasks: prepping surfaces and spray painting or varnishing vehicles and other things. 88 holds up 48 AI helps 15.5 AI does it 57.1 Hands-on
  50. Not ExposedISCO 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments AI barely touches any of the four tasks: making beds and cleaning bathrooms, emptying bins, cleaning kitchens, and vacuuming and polishing. 88 holds up 43.7 AI helps 19 AI does it 53.6 Hands-on
  51. Not ExposedISCO 9212 Livestock farm labourers AI barely touches any of the ten tasks, from herding and checking on animals to stacking feed and digging ditches. 88 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.4 Hands-on
  52. Not ExposedISCO 7542 Shotfirers and blasters AI barely touches any of the eleven tasks, from planning blast holes and keeping explosives records to packing charges and handling explosives safely. Probably for the best. 88 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 76.6 Hands-on
  53. Not ExposedISCO 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the four tasks: sorting products by hand, clearing and cleaning machines, moving materials and loading vehicles. 88 holds up 48.7 AI helps 23.5 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  54. Not ExposedISCO 3413 Religious associate professionals AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from helping at services and religious work to running food, clothing and shelter programmes. 88 holds up 47 AI helps 28 AI does it – Hands-on
  55. Not ExposedISCO 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers AI barely touches any of the twelve tasks, from embroidering designs and matching thread to patching, darning and repairing clothes. 88 holds up 63 AI helps 23 AI does it 60.4 Hands-on
  56. Not ExposedISCO 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from driving tractors and forestry machines to felling trees and servicing equipment. 88 holds up 54 AI helps 25 AI does it 78.2 Hands-on
  57. Not ExposedISCO 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from butchering and trimming carcasses and making sausages to weighing and selling to customers. 88 holds up 41.3 AI helps 17.7 AI does it 58.9 Hands-on
  58. Not ExposedISCO 6310 Subsistence crop farmers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from planting and harvesting to fetching water, gathering firewood and trading at the local market. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  59. Not ExposedISCO 7121 Roofers AI barely touches five of the six tasks, including waterproofing, tiling and thatching roofs. Working out materials from drawings and site visits is mostly out of its reach too. 87 holds up 51.5 AI helps 14 AI does it 75.3 Hands-on
  60. Not ExposedISCO 7131 Painters and related workers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from prepping surfaces and mixing colours to painting and hanging wallpaper. 87 holds up 46 AI helps 13 AI does it 67.4 Hands-on
  61. Not ExposedISCO 7215 Riggers and cable splicers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from sizing up loads and rigging stage gear to splicing cables and building drilling derricks. 87 holds up 50.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 67.9 Hands-on
  62. Not ExposedISCO 6320 Subsistence livestock farmers AI barely touches any of the twelve tasks, from checking animals for illness and shearing to fetching water and trading livestock. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 68.4 Hands-on
  63. Not ExposedISCO 7124 Insulation workers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from reading plans and sizing up the job to fitting, blowing and packing insulation. 87 holds up 43.5 AI helps 17.5 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  64. Not ExposedISCO 2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the four tasks: working with animals, clowning, magic tricks and acrobatics. Good luck to it. 87 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  65. Not ExposedISCO 7115 Carpenters and joiners AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from fitting doors, walls and fixtures to building heavy timber frames and stage sets. 87 holds up 55.7 AI helps 19 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  66. Not ExposedISCO 7212 Welders and flamecutters AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from welding and cutting metal to watching for overheating and checking the finished piece. 87 holds up 61 AI helps 24.3 AI does it 59.8 Hands-on
  67. Not ExposedISCO 9412 Kitchen helpers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from unpacking and putting away supplies to preparing simple food, plating up and cleaning. 87 holds up 46.5 AI helps 22 AI does it 42.2 Hands-on
  68. Not ExposedISCO 7234 Bicycle and related repairers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from servicing bikes and replacing brakes and gears to oiling parts and changing tyres. 87 holds up 51 AI helps 25 AI does it 64.5 Hands-on
  69. Not ExposedISCO 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from running excavators and dredgers to digging trenches and driving piles. 87 holds up 52 AI helps 21.5 AI does it 77.9 Hands-on
  70. Not ExposedISCO 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery Collecting fares is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other eight tasks, including harnessing and driving animals and hauling wagons. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 65.3 Hands-on
  71. Not ExposedISCO 7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials AI barely touches any of the fourteen tasks, from grading and washing fibres to spinning, dyeing, crocheting and braiding by hand. 87 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  72. Not ExposedISCO 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from mixing chemicals and filling tanks to spraying, fumigating and setting traps. 87 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 66.6 Hands-on
  73. Not ExposedISCO 7211 Metal moulders and coremakers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from making cores and moulds by hand to cutting runner holes and lifting out patterns. 87 holds up 52 AI helps 18 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  74. Not ExposedISCO 7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials AI barely touches any of the eleven tasks, from preparing wood, straw and reeds to carving, weaving and painting the finished piece. 86 holds up 57.5 AI helps 21 AI does it 50.1 Hands-on
  75. Not ExposedISCO 7111 House builders AI barely touches six of the seven tasks, including roofing, levelling floors and getting specialist trades in. Coordinating subcontractors and workers is mostly out of its reach too. 86 holds up 59 AI helps 22.7 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  76. Not ExposedISCO 7125 Glaziers AI barely touches any of the four tasks: cutting and fitting glass in windows and skylights, replacing windscreens and building decorative glass features. 86 holds up 53.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  77. Not ExposedISCO 5413 Prison guards AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from patrolling and watching prisoners to supervising work and helping with rehabilitation. 86 holds up 45 AI helps 24 AI does it 50.1 Hands-on
  78. Not ExposedISCO 5412 Police officers AI barely touches any of the four tasks: patrolling, arresting suspects, directing traffic and helping victims of accidents, crime and disasters. 86 holds up 66 AI helps 27 AI does it 61.2 Hands-on
  79. Not ExposedISCO 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners AI barely touches any of the eleven tasks, from playing instruments to check the sound to tuning strings, aligning keys and fitting drumheads. 86 holds up 63 AI helps 21 AI does it 58.6 Hands-on
  80. Not ExposedISCO 3240 Veterinary technicians and assistants AI barely touches any of the ten tasks, from examining animals and taking samples to cleaning instruments and helping with animal dentistry. 86 holds up 64.5 AI helps 35.5 AI does it 61.6 Hands-on
  81. Not ExposedISCO 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers AI barely touches eight of the nine tasks, including grooming and training animals and cleaning out pens and cages. Labelling medicines and restocking is mostly out of its reach too. 86 holds up 55 AI helps 25.5 AI does it 53.6 Hands-on
  82. Not ExposedISCO 5321 Health care assistants AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from watching over and caring for patients to keeping rooms clean and lifting and moving people. 86 holds up 60 AI helps 26 AI does it 46.1 Hands-on
  83. Not ExposedISCO 9333 Freight handlers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from packing furniture and carrying goods to loading lorries, ships and planes and hooking up fuel hoses. 86 holds up 55.5 AI helps 30 AI does it 64.1 Hands-on
  84. Not ExposedISCO 2250 Veterinarians AI barely touches any of the nine tasks, from examining animals and talking to worried owners to surgery, setting bones and saying goodbye. 86 holds up 60 AI helps 22 AI does it 37.2 Hands-on
  85. Not ExposedISCO 8350 Ships' deck crews and related workers AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from steering and keeping lookout to looking after the rigging and lifesaving gear and painting the hull. 86 holds up 37 AI helps 16 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  86. Not ExposedISCO 9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers Buying food and household supplies is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the seven tasks, including cleaning windows, washing up and helping with meals. 86 holds up 42 AI helps 10 AI does it 43.8 Hands-on
  87. Not ExposedISCO 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from grading and blending leaves to shredding tobacco and rolling cigars and cigarettes. 86 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 65.6 Hands-on
  88. Not ExposedISCO 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified AI barely touches either of its two tasks: moulding optical glass into lens blanks, then grinding and polishing them. 86 holds up 60.5 AI helps 29 AI does it 47 Hands-on
  89. Not ExposedISCO 8172 Wood processing plant operators AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from running log conveyors, saws and plywood presses to cleaning the sawmill kit. 86 holds up 54.5 AI helps 27.5 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  90. Not ExposedISCO 9121 Hand launderers and pressers AI barely touches any of the four tasks: washing and pressing by hand, cleaning with solvents, small repairs and hanging things up for collection. 86 holds up 43 AI helps 19 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  91. Not ExposedISCO 7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters Adapting shop-bought patterns is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches ten of the eleven tasks, including choosing fabrics and fitting and altering garments. 85 holds up 60 AI helps 27 AI does it 47.4 Hands-on
  92. Not ExposedISCO 8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators AI barely touches any of the eleven tasks, from splitting hides and removing flesh and fat to trimming hair and treating pelts by machine. 85 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it – Hands-on
  93. Not ExposedISCO 7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from mixing preserving ingredients and pressing juice and oil to filling jars and bottles. 85 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 63.3 Hands-on
  94. Not ExposedISCO 8153 Sewing machine operators AI barely touches any of the eight tasks, from running industrial sewing machines and watching for stitching faults to attaching buttons, zips and fur trims. 85 holds up 51 AI helps 18 AI does it 51.1 Hands-on
  95. Not ExposedISCO 2261 Dentists AI barely touches ten of the twelve tasks, including fillings and giving anaesthetics. Supervising staff and nagging patients to floss are mostly out of its reach too. 85 holds up 66 AI helps 19 AI does it 51.3 Hands-on
  96. Not ExposedISCO 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the six tasks, including preparing patients, setting up instruments and sterilising equipment. 85 holds up 58.8 AI helps 29.5 AI does it 54.2 Hands-on
  97. Not ExposedISCO 8160 Food and related products machine operators AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from mixing, grinding and blending food to brewing, making cheese and pasta, and processing carcasses. 85 holds up 49.3 AI helps 22.3 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  98. Not ExposedISCO 7413 Electrical line installers and repairers Tracking down faulty breakers, fuses and transformers is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the six tasks, including climbing poles and making lines safe. 85 holds up 57 AI helps 15 AI does it 76.4 Hands-on
  99. Not ExposedISCO 8151 Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators AI barely touches any of the twelve tasks, from blending fibres and recycling wool waste to waterproofing textiles and cleaning carding machines. 85 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 53.9 Hands-on
  100. Not ExposedISCO 7541 Underwater divers Gathering information about the dive and reporting on wrecks are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches ten of the twelve tasks, including clearing obstructions and collecting shellfish. 84 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 79.8 Hands-on
  101. Not ExposedISCO 8157 Laundry machine operators AI barely touches any of the nine tasks, from loading washers and dryers and getting stains out to small repairs and packing orders. 84 holds up 43 AI helps 19 AI does it 57.6 Hands-on
  102. Not ExposedISCO 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the five tasks, including running machines that measure leather, make hats and braids and fold cloth. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it – Hands-on
  103. Not ExposedISCO 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers Studying plans and preparing specifications is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the six tasks, including making furniture, running woodworking machines and finishing surfaces. 84 holds up 60.5 AI helps 24.5 AI does it 66.6 Hands-on
  104. Not ExposedISCO 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators AI barely touches any of the three tasks: running machines that cut shoe parts, sew and finish them, and make bags, belts and luggage. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  105. Not ExposedISCO 3251 Dental assistants and therapists AI barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including examining mouths, cleaning teeth and fluoride treatments. Advising on brushing and diet is mostly out of its reach too. 84 holds up 59.5 AI helps 24 AI does it 49.4 Hands-on
  106. Not ExposedISCO 8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators AI barely touches any of the thirteen tasks, from setting up knitting machines and tending looms to replacing needles and oiling machines. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 60.6 Hands-on
  107. Not ExposedISCO 2636 Religious professionals AI barely touches six of the nine tasks, including leading services, rites and ceremonies. Organising events and counselling people are mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up 62 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 25.3 Hands-on
  108. Not ExposedISCO 7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers Measuring and inspecting parts is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the seven tasks, including reading work orders, drawing wire and running forging presses. 83 holds up 52 AI helps 18 AI does it 60.4 Hands-on
  109. Not ExposedISCO 5163 Undertakers and embalmers Arranging funerals and talking to families for obituaries are mostly out of AI's reach. Embalming and meeting health and legal rules it barely touches. 83 holds up 47 AI helps 34 AI does it 65.7 Hands-on
  110. Not ExposedISCO 7532 Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters Drawing pattern pieces on screen and working out pattern sizes are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches ten of the twelve tasks, including cutting leather and trimming finished products. 83 holds up 60 AI helps 27 AI does it 52.4 Hands-on
  111. Not ExposedISCO 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Keeping an eye on the machines is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other six tasks, including polishing, grinding and checking surfaces by hand. 83 holds up 59.7 AI helps 25.7 AI does it 77.8 Hands-on
  112. Not ExposedISCO 7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers Checking the quality of ingredients is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including watching the oven and icing and glazing. 83 holds up 54 AI helps 22 AI does it 53.8 Hands-on
  113. Not ExposedISCO 7536 Shoemakers and related workers Reading specifications and checking leather quality are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches eleven of the thirteen tasks, including making saddles and bags and mending shoes and belts. 83 holds up 63 AI helps 23 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  114. Not ExposedISCO 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants AI barely touches five of the six tasks, including massage, ultrasound and other hands-on treatments. Recording patients' progress is mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up 51.5 AI helps 19.5 AI does it 42.3 Hands-on
  115. Not ExposedISCO 6121 Livestock and dairy producers AI barely touches eleven of the thirteen tasks, including shearing, drenching and getting animals ready for market. Watching prices and arranging sales are mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 27 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  116. Not ExposedISCO 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers AI barely touches eight of the eleven tasks, including preparing the soil and keeping farm buildings and machinery going. Watching the market and arranging sales are mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  117. Not ExposedISCO 6114 Mixed crop growers AI barely touches nine of the eleven tasks, including preparing the soil and looking after working animals. Marketing and planning crops are mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  118. Not ExposedISCO 8111 Miners and quarriers Filling in shift records is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other eight tasks, including drilling, opening new shafts and putting in roof supports. 83 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 73.8 Hands-on
  119. Not ExposedISCO 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from inspecting and testing machinery to taking it apart, fixing it and greasing it. 83 holds up 61.5 AI helps 26 AI does it 73.5 Hands-on
  120. Not ExposedISCO 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Inspecting and testing electrical products is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the seven tasks, including installing and repairing equipment and lifts. 83 holds up 57.5 AI helps 20 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  121. Not ExposedISCO 8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators Spotting cracks and other flaws in the finished product is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches twelve of the thirteen tasks, including running glass plants and preparing clay. 83 holds up 56 AI helps 23 AI does it 70.8 Hands-on
  122. Not ExposedISCO 6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers AI barely touches nine of the ten tasks, including navigating, storing the catch and mending nets. Logging catches and conditions is mostly out of its reach too. 83 holds up 50 AI helps 21 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  123. Not ExposedISCO 8142 Plastic products machine operators Checking output for defects is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the seven tasks, including laminating plastics and making glasses frames and contact lens discs. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 24 AI does it 67.7 Hands-on
  124. Not ExposedISCO 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators AI barely touches any of the five tasks, from working signals and points to making up trains and checking train equipment. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 66.1 Hands-on
  125. Not ExposedISCO 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators AI barely touches any of the seven tasks, from running cranes and site hoists to operating ski lifts and opening bridges. 83 holds up 53.7 AI helps 23 AI does it 62.4 Hands-on
  126. Not ExposedISCO 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers AI barely touches eight of the eleven tasks, including preparing the soil and harvesting. Watching the market and arranging sales are mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  127. Not ExposedISCO 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers AI barely touches eight of the nine tasks, including directing the crew, keeping the catch fresh and mending nets. Keeping the ship's log is mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up 50 AI helps 21 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  128. Not ExposedISCO 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers Inspecting finished pieces and examining gems under a loupe are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches nine of the eleven tasks, including casting jewellery by hand. 82 holds up 58 AI helps 19 AI does it 40.6 Hands-on
  129. Not ExposedISCO 7534 Upholsterers and related workers Advising customers on fabrics and costs and working with interior designers are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches ten of the twelve tasks, including hand-sewing cushions and covers. 82 holds up 47 AI helps 19 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  130. Not ExposedISCO 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Diagnosing engine faults is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including servicing, replacing and rebuilding engines. 82 holds up 55 AI helps 19.5 AI does it 70.9 Hands-on
  131. Not ExposedISCO 7314 Potters and related workers Reading technical drawings and getting work ready for sale are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches nine of the eleven tasks, including making and finishing pottery and porcelain. 82 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 59.7 Hands-on
  132. Not ExposedISCO 8331 Bus and tram drivers Controlling the heating and lighting and checking fares are mostly out of AI's reach. Driving and opening and closing the doors it barely touches. 82 holds up 52 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 59.1 Hands-on
  133. Not ExposedISCO 9510 Street and related service workers Taking payment and helping drivers park are mostly out of AI's reach. Cleaning car windows and handing out leaflets it barely touches. 82 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it – Hands-on
  134. Not ExposedISCO 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians AI barely touches eight of the ten tasks, including making dentures, crowns and braces and shaping them to fit. Reading prescriptions and consulting practitioners are mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up 64.3 AI helps 24.7 AI does it 51.2 Hands-on
  135. Not ExposedISCO 8143 Paper products machine operators AI barely touches any of the three tasks: running the machines that make envelopes, paper bags, cardboard boxes and paper cups. 82 holds up 50 AI helps 22 AI does it 74.7 Hands-on
  136. Not ExposedISCO 9612 Refuse sorters Selling recyclable materials is mostly out of AI's reach. Searching tips for recyclables and carting them away it barely touches. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 36 AI does it 67.8 Hands-on
  137. Not ExposedISCO 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Inspecting and measuring finished pieces is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the six tasks, including watching machines for faults and changing worn tools. 82 holds up 62.5 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  138. Not ExposedISCO 8141 Rubber products machine operators Checking output for defects is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the six tasks, including building and vulcanising tyres and shaping rubber. 82 holds up 58 AI helps 26 AI does it 69.5 Hands-on
  139. Not ExposedISCO 5142 Beauticians and related workers Booking appointments and taking payment is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches six of the eight, including massage and hair removal. 82 holds up 58.4 AI helps 30 AI does it 41.6 Hands-on
  140. Not ExposedISCO 5411 Fire-fighters AI barely touches five of the six tasks, including fighting fires, containing dangerous substances and rescuing people. Teaching the public about fire safety is mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up 51 AI helps 18 AI does it 67.8 Hands-on
  141. Not ExposedISCO 9411 Fast food preparers Taking and serving orders is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other eight tasks, including reheating food and cleaning the cooking area. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 27 AI does it 41.5 Hands-on
  142. Not ExposedISCO 5120 Cooks AI barely touches five of the seven tasks, including measuring and mixing ingredients and working the grill and fryer. Supervising kitchen helpers and setting oven temperatures are mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up 61 AI helps 22 AI does it 46 Hands-on
  143. Not ExposedISCO 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers AI barely touches nine of the twelve tasks, including raising plants from seeds and cuttings and processing produce. Marketing and planning what to grow are mostly out of its reach too. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 77.5 Hands-on
  144. Not ExposedISCO 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Composing the visual elements is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other thirteen tasks, including designing lettering, applying transfers and cutting out signs. 82 holds up 60 AI helps 32 AI does it 49.9 Hands-on
  145. Not ExposedISCO 3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals AI barely touches four of the six tasks, including traditional treatments and setting fractures. Health advice and referring patients are mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up 67 AI helps 29 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  146. Not ExposedISCO 7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers Watching gauges and inspecting products are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches ten of the thirteen tasks, including silvering mirrors and cutting optical glass. 81 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 72.3 Hands-on
  147. Not ExposedISCO 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Keeping drilling and servicing records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Moving and assembling rigs and sealing old wells it barely touches. 81 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 78.8 Hands-on
  148. Not ExposedISCO 6122 Poultry producers AI barely touches nine of the twelve tasks, including keeping sheds and equipment going and processing produce. Planning production and arranging sales are mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  149. Not ExposedISCO 6130 Mixed crop and animal producers AI barely touches eight of the ten tasks, including sowing, harvesting and getting animals ready for market. Planning production and marketing are mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 67.1 Hands-on
  150. Not ExposedISCO 5311 Child care workers AI barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including watching children play and helping them wash, dress and eat. Keeping records on each child is mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up 60.5 AI helps 21.5 AI does it 44.4 Hands-on
  151. Not ExposedISCO 2653 Dancers and choreographers AI barely touches five of the six tasks, including rehearsals, auditions and daily training. Working out the music with the musical director is mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 35.3 Hands-on
  152. Not ExposedISCO 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified AI barely touches five of the eight tasks, including hands-on therapy and minor foot surgery. Tracking progress and suggesting changes to the home are mostly out of its reach too. 81 holds up 66.7 AI helps 30.3 AI does it 36.6 Hands-on
  153. Not ExposedISCO 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers Keeping maintenance logs is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches the other nine tasks, including reading service manuals and repairing aircraft structures and parts. 81 holds up 64 AI helps 26 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  154. Not ExposedISCO 8182 Steam engine and boiler operators Keeping an eye on how the equipment is running is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the seven tasks, including taking readings, minor repairs and firing boilers. 81 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 69.5 Hands-on
  155. Not ExposedISCO 3222 Midwifery associate professionals AI barely touches three of the four tasks: watching over pregnancy and labour, delivering babies, and caring for mums and newborns. Giving health advice is mostly out of its reach too. 80 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  156. Not ExposedISCO 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified AI barely touches any of the five tasks, including enforcing parking rules, rounding up stray animals, running school crossings and lifeguarding. 80 holds up 57.7 AI helps 26.8 AI does it 52.4 Hands-on
  157. Not ExposedISCO 8344 Lifting truck operators Keeping records of work and breakdowns is mostly out of AI's reach. Driving forklifts, securing loads and routine maintenance it barely touches. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 18 AI does it 69.7 Hands-on
  158. Not ExposedISCO 9321 Hand packers Labelling products by hand is mostly out of AI's reach. Weighing, wrapping and filling containers by hand it barely touches. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 29 AI does it 59.4 Hands-on
  159. Not ExposedISCO 5152 Domestic housekeepers Buying and managing household supplies are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the nine tasks, including cleaning and looking after minor injuries or illness. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 24 AI does it 55.9 Hands-on
  160. Not ExposedISCO 8311 Locomotive engine drivers Radio contact with crews and controllers is mostly out of AI's reach. Driving the train and watching for hazards and signals it barely touches. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 38 AI does it 71.7 Hands-on
  161. Not ExposedISCO 6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified AI barely touches seven of the nine tasks, including processing produce and getting animals ready for market. Watching prices and marketing are mostly out of its reach too. 80 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  162. Not ExposedISCO 5414 Security guards Controlling who gets into the building is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the six tasks, including responding to alarms, patrolling and moving cash. 80 holds up 61 AI helps 33 AI does it 46.9 Hands-on
  163. Not ExposedISCO 5165 Driving instructors AI barely touches any of the six tasks, from teaching road rules and safety to sitting beside learners behind the wheel. Brave work. 80 holds up 65 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  164. Not ExposedISCO 7222 Toolmakers and related workers Preparing templates and reading engineering drawings are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches seven of the eleven tasks, including laying out metal stock and repairing firearms. 80 holds up 63.5 AI helps 25 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  165. Not ExposedISCO 8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators Checking plating thickness is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including mixing plating solutions and running electroplating and cleaning equipment. 80 holds up 58.3 AI helps 24.7 AI does it 66.7 Hands-on
  166. Not ExposedISCO 9334 Shelf fillers Pointing customers the right way and noting what needs restocking are mostly out of AI's reach. Filling shelves and clearing out-of-date stock it barely touches. 80 holds up 47 AI helps 22 AI does it 56.2 Hands-on
  167. Not ExposedISCO 9520 Street vendors (excluding food) Taking payment is mostly out of AI's reach. Buying or making the goods, approaching customers and carrying stock it barely touches. 80 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  168. Not ExposedISCO 7213 Sheet-metal workers Planning jobs and turning blueprints into shop drawings are mostly out of AI's reach. Marking out sheet metal and making tanks and boilers it barely touches. 79 holds up 56.1 AI helps 22.6 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  169. Not ExposedISCO 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics Reading blueprints and specifications is mostly out of AI's reach. Installing, connecting, testing and repairing the systems it barely touches. 79 holds up 56 AI helps 26 AI does it 72.6 Hands-on
  170. Not ExposedISCO 9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers Collecting fares is mostly out of AI's reach. Loading goods, helping passengers and looking after the vehicle it barely touches. 79 holds up 59 AI helps 40 AI does it 62.8 Hands-on
  171. Not ExposedISCO 2342 Early childhood educators AI barely touches seven of the nine tasks, like creative play and helping little ones learn to eat, dress and use the toilet. Planning activities and checking on welfare are mostly out of its reach too. 79 holds up 64 AI helps 27 AI does it 27.1 Hands-on
  172. Not ExposedISCO 8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators Recording shift output and checking processed stone are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches eight of the ten tasks, including lining stone up on saws and stacking the finished product. 79 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 67.1 Hands-on
  173. Not ExposedISCO 2651 Visual artists AI barely touches six of the eight tasks, like engraving, etching and carving sculpture. Arranging subjects and drawing cartoons are mostly out of its reach too. 79 holds up 60.5 AI helps 32.5 AI does it 44.2 Hands-on
  174. Not ExposedISCO 8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators Keying processing instructions into the machines is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches ten of the twelve, including cleaning furs and filters and oiling machines. 79 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 64.8 Hands-on
  175. Not ExposedISCO 3143 Forestry technicians AI barely touches nine of the ten tasks, including tending forests, running tree nurseries and building forest roads. Only helping draft forest management plans is mostly out of its reach. 79 holds up 72 AI helps 40.5 AI does it 70.2 Hands-on
  176. Not ExposedISCO 5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classified Welcoming and looking after nightclub guests is mostly out of AI's reach. Going on outings with clients and being a dance partner it barely touches. 79 holds up 41.5 AI helps 27 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  177. Not ExposedISCO 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Testing how accurate watches, meters and gauges are is mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches seven of the twelve tasks, including cleaning watch parts and repairing instrument casings. 79 holds up 64 AI helps 28 AI does it 48 Hands-on
  178. Not ExposedISCO 3258 Ambulance workers Recording patients' condition and treatment is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches the other five, from assessing people at the scene to giving drugs on the way to hospital. 79 holds up 55 AI helps 25 AI does it 71.6 Hands-on
  179. Not ExposedISCO 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards AI barely touches eight of the eleven tasks, including checking emergency equipment and giving first aid. Pre-flight briefings and the duty-free trolley are mostly out of its reach too. 79 holds up 53 AI helps 26 AI does it 54.5 Hands-on
  180. Not ExposedISCO 7513 Dairy-products makers Recording ingredients, test results and timings is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Churning butter and salting and washing cheese it barely touches. 79 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 65.8 Hands-on
  181. Not ExposedISCO 7523 Woodworking-machine tool setters and operators Reading specifications and following instructions is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Setting up machines and fitting blades and bits it barely touches. 78 holds up 58 AI helps 26 AI does it 60.6 Hands-on
  182. Minimal ExposureISCO 3221 Nursing associate professionals Updating patient records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches four of the six, including emergency first aid and dressing wounds. 78 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 43 Hands-on
  183. Not ExposedISCO 5162 Companions and valets Helping entertain visitors is mostly out of AI's reach. Looking after an employer's wardrobe and keeping them company it barely touches. 78 holds up 47 AI helps 21 AI does it 55 Hands-on
  184. Not ExposedISCO 1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managers AI barely touches eight of the thirteen tasks, like directing the spawning, rearing and moving of fish. Budgets, records and managing workers are mostly out of its reach too. 78 holds up 66 AI helps 41 AI does it 62.2 Hands-on
  185. Not ExposedISCO 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians AI barely touches seven of the eight tasks, including positioning patients and giving radioactive tracers. Operating the imaging equipment is mostly out of its reach too. 78 holds up 65 AI helps 29.5 AI does it 61.3 Hands-on
  186. Not ExposedISCO 5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments Buying and keeping track of supplies are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the eight tasks, including cleaning kitchens, floors and furniture. 78 holds up 52.3 AI helps 23.7 AI does it 55.9 Hands-on
  187. Not ExposedISCO 7323 Print finishing and binding workers Running copying machines and setting up binding equipment are mostly out of AI's reach. Folding, sewing and binding books by hand and machine it barely touches. 78 holds up 54.5 AI helps 27 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  188. Not ExposedISCO 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists AI barely touches five of the seven tasks, including breeding and tending bees or silkworms and collecting what they make. Planning and arranging sales are mostly out of its reach too. 78 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  189. Not ExposedISCO 8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators AI barely touches any of the three tasks: running machines that label, wrap, seal, fill and pack products. 78 holds up 53 AI helps 29 AI does it 62.7 Hands-on
  190. Not ExposedISCO 3253 Community health workers Telling families about health and visiting homes are mostly out of AI's reach. Handing out medical supplies and checking on families who rarely see a doctor it barely touches. 78 holds up 67.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 23.5 Hands-on
  191. Not ExposedISCO 5212 Street food salespersons Selling food and drink and getting a licence are mostly out of AI's reach. Buying stock and pushing or carrying it to where it's sold it barely touches. 78 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 39.4 Hands-on
  192. Not ExposedISCO 6221 Aquaculture workers Delivering and marketing the product is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches seven of the ten, including preparing fish and keeping tanks and boats in shape. 78 holds up 66 AI helps 41 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  193. Not ExposedISCO 7521 Wood treaters Keeping production reports is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Running kilns and treatment tanks and moving timber it barely touches. 78 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 79.2 Hands-on
  194. Not ExposedISCO 8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operators Keeping production records and checking plans are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the ten tasks, including mixing concrete and cutting and polishing stone. 77 holds up 57.5 AI helps 28 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  195. Not ExposedISCO 3421 Athletes and sports players AI barely touches five of the eight tasks, including actually competing. Promo work, media interviews and planning tactics with coaches are mostly out of its reach too. 77 holds up 53 AI helps 19 AI does it 59.9 Hands-on
  196. Not ExposedISCO 1113 Traditional chiefs and heads of village AI barely touches four of the seven tasks, including sharing out the community's produce and leading ceremonies. Explaining government rules and allocating land are mostly out of its reach too. 77 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 22 Hands-on
  197. Not ExposedISCO 3151 Ships' engineers AI barely touches four of the five tasks, all about running, maintaining and fixing engines and machinery. Ordering fuel and stores and keeping records is mostly out of its reach too. 77 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 68.3 Hands-on
  198. Not ExposedISCO 2240 Paramedical practitioners Reporting births, deaths and diseases is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches six of the nine, including injections, stitches and routine procedures. 77 holds up 55 AI helps 25 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  199. Not ExposedISCO 3355 Police inspectors and detectives Four of the six tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including analysing evidence and cultivating sources. Gathering intelligence on crimes and making arrests it barely touches. 77 holds up 66 AI helps 27 AI does it 50.6 Hands-on
  200. Not ExposedISCO 2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians AI barely touches four of the seven tasks, including examining eyes and diagnosing problems with how they move. Prescribing lenses and referring patients are mostly out of its reach too. 76 holds up 68 AI helps 23 AI does it 38.4 Hands-on
  201. Not ExposedISCO 2266 Audiologists and speech therapists AI barely touches four of the seven tasks, including speech therapy and fitting hearing aids. Running tests and referring patients are mostly out of its reach too. 76 holds up 69 AI helps 30 AI does it 30.4 Hands-on
  202. Not ExposedISCO 5246 Food service counter attendants Taking orders and payment are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches five of the eight tasks, including preparing food and reheating meals. 76 holds up 54.5 AI helps 32.5 AI does it 35.2 Hands-on
  203. Not ExposedISCO 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Giving technical advice and monitoring telecoms systems is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Putting up antennae and joining cables it barely touches. 76 holds up 63.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  204. Not ExposedISCO 3254 Dispensing opticians Reading prescriptions and helping people choose frames and lenses are mostly out of AI's reach. Taking face measurements and checking the finished glasses it barely touches. 76 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 43.3 Hands-on
  205. Minimal ExposureISCO 5245 Service station attendants Stock control and sales reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches six of the eight, including cleaning pumps and washing windscreens. 76 holds up 48 AI helps 26 AI does it 65.5 Hands-on
  206. Not ExposedISCO 5312 Teachers' aides Preparing and copying teaching materials is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the seven, including helping children with learning difficulties and social skills. 76 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 29.1 Hands-on
  207. Not ExposedISCO 3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates AI barely touches six of the ten tasks, including controlling pests that spread disease and stopping pollution. Advising businesses and the public on the rules is mostly out of its reach too. 76 holds up 68.5 AI helps 36.8 AI does it 52.6 Hands-on
  208. Not ExposedISCO 8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators Testing samples and keeping an eye on reactions are mostly out of AI's reach. Starting, adjusting and fixing machines and plant it barely touches. 76 holds up 59.5 AI helps 29 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  209. Not ExposedISCO 3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders Showing people how to use equipment and planning activities are mostly out of AI's reach. Enforcing safety rules and keeping watch it barely touches. 75 holds up 60.7 AI helps 32.3 AI does it 41 Hands-on
  210. Not ExposedISCO 5241 Fashion and other models Posing for photo shoots and filmed ads are mostly out of AI's reach. Wearing sample clothes and sitting for artists it barely touches. 75 holds up 62 AI helps 36 AI does it 32.8 Hands-on
  211. Not ExposedISCO 7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers Keeping maintenance and repair records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the nine, including connecting components and replacing worn parts and wiring. 75 holds up 65.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 62.1 Hands-on
  212. Minimal ExposureISCO 5112 Transport conductors Answering passengers' questions and complaints is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches seven of the ten, including handling emergencies and opening and closing the doors. 75 holds up 52 AI helps 49 AI does it 57 Hands-on
  213. Not ExposedISCO 7322 Printers Six of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including producing digital print images and checking print quality. Maintaining the presses and loading paper it barely touches. 75 holds up 56 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 74.9 Hands-on
  214. Minimal ExposureISCO 8321 Motorcycle drivers Keeping a log of journeys is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Riding, delivering and looking after the motorbike it barely touches. 75 holds up 59 AI helps 40 AI does it 60.5 Hands-on
  215. Not ExposedISCO 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Collecting technical data and helping test robotics kit are mostly out of AI's reach. Building and testing pollution-control devices it barely touches. 74 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  216. Not ExposedISCO 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians Four of the six tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including checking lab supplies and running instruments. Collecting samples and preparing materials it barely touches. 74 holds up 72 AI helps 40 AI does it 48.2 Hands-on
  217. Not ExposedISCO 3142 Agricultural technicians AI barely touches five of the nine tasks, including setting up experiments and maintaining research kit. Collecting data and estimating costs are mostly out of its reach too. 74 holds up 72 AI helps 41 AI does it 47.3 Hands-on
  218. Not ExposedISCO 5132 Bartenders Taking orders and payment are mostly out of AI's reach. It barely touches six of the ten tasks, including washing glasses, wiping down the bar and changing kegs. 74 holds up 49 AI helps 24 AI does it 43.9 Hands-on
  219. Not ExposedISCO 3115 Mechanical engineering technicians Six of the eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including cost estimates and checking designs meet the spec. Testing and installing mechanical assemblies it barely touches. 74 holds up 66.5 AI helps 34 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  220. Not ExposedISCO 8121 Metal processing plant operators Testing samples, writing logs and adjusting equipment are mostly out of AI's reach. Running the machinery and checking it for faults it barely touches. 74 holds up 63 AI helps 31 AI does it 72.1 Hands-on
  221. Not ExposedISCO 3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators Five of the eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including plant logs and keeping an eye on gauges and filters. Safety checks and running incinerator furnaces it barely touches. 73 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  222. Minimal ExposureISCO 5153 Building caretakers Filling in tenant registration forms is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Security patrols, cleaning and simple repairs it barely touches. 73 holds up 60 AI helps 43 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  223. Minimal ExposureISCO 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers AI barely touches seven of the twelve tasks, including organising the farm and directing planting and harvest. Budgets and production records are the one task it could take a fair chunk of. 73 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 62.2 Hands-on
  224. Not ExposedISCO 3113 Electrical engineering technicians Five of the six tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including research support and cost estimates. Assembling, installing and fixing electrical kit it barely touches. 73 holds up 72 AI helps 48 AI does it 53.5 Hands-on
  225. Minimal ExposureISCO 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers Recording production data is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Assembling and fitting parts and rejecting faulty ones it barely touches. 73 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  226. Not ExposedISCO 2212 Specialist medical practitioners AI barely touches five of the twelve tasks, including surgery and handling complications in childbirth. Research and advising patients on staying well are mostly out of its reach too. 73 holds up 65.6 AI helps 24.6 AI does it 38.2 Hands-on
  227. Not ExposedISCO 8132 Photographic products machine operators Six of the eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including running developing and printing equipment. Making film and paper and preparing film in the darkroom it barely touches. 73 holds up 61.7 AI helps 31.3 AI does it 41.3 Hands-on
  228. Not ExposedISCO 3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals Flight plans, certificates and flight records are mostly out of AI's reach. Solving problems mid-flight and inspecting the aircraft it barely touches. 73 holds up 60 AI helps 31 AI does it 66 Hands-on
  229. Not ExposedISCO 3131 Power production plant operators Keeping station logs and reading meters are mostly out of AI's reach. Running boilers, turbines and generators, and cleaning and maintaining them, it barely touches. 73 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 46 Hands-on
  230. Minimal ExposureISCO 8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators Production reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Starting and stopping the machinery and threading paper rolls it barely touches. 73 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 70.7 Hands-on
  231. Not ExposedISCO 3112 Civil engineering technicians Six of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including cost estimates and technical help on building projects. Testing soils and materials and organising repairs it barely touches. 72 holds up 71.5 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 48.8 Hands-on
  232. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers Picking the best route is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of, and your satnav got there first. Helping passengers with luggage and wheelchair access it barely touches. 72 holds up 57.3 AI helps 38 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  233. Minimal ExposureISCO 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Recording production data is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Assembling components and winding wire coils it barely touches. 72 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  234. Not ExposedISCO 2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals Seven of the ten tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including waste disposal plans and safety training. Running pollution-control and ergonomics programmes it barely touches. 72 holds up 72 AI helps 36 AI does it 41.1 Hands-on
  235. Not ExposedISCO 2652 Musicians, singers and composers Writing and arranging music are mostly out of AI's reach. Composing melodies and playing, solo or in a band, it barely touches. 72 holds up 60 AI helps 23.5 AI does it 25.9 Hands-on
  236. Minimal ExposureISCO 5131 Waiters Presenting the bill and taking payment is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Setting and clearing tables it barely touches. 72 holds up 45 AI helps 25.5 AI does it 48.2 Hands-on
  237. Not ExposedISCO 3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians Five of the eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including cost estimates and research support. Collecting and testing rock and metal samples and helping design mines it barely touches. 72 holds up 68 AI helps 35.5 AI does it 54.1 Hands-on
  238. Not ExposedISCO 3123 Construction supervisors Reading specifications and organising materials and labour are mostly out of AI's reach. Safety inspections and supervising the trades on site it barely touches. 72 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  239. Not ExposedISCO 2635 Social work and counselling professionals Seven of the eleven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including case reports and assessing clients' situations. Advising parole boards and investigating abuse or neglect it barely touches. 72 holds up 68.3 AI helps 37.8 AI does it 17.8 Hands-on
  240. Minimal ExposureISCO 2264 Physiotherapists Keeping patient records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches four of the seven, including physical assessments and hands-on treatment. 72 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 48.7 Hands-on
  241. Not ExposedISCO 2352 Special needs teachers Student records and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the eleven, including building confidence and teaching practical skills. 72 holds up 71 AI helps 36 AI does it 33.5 Hands-on
  242. Not ExposedISCO 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Writing reports and running advice sessions for farmers is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the twelve, including studying how trees grow and where fish migrate. 72 holds up 73.5 AI helps 34 AI does it 46.6 Hands-on
  243. Not ExposedISCO 3121 Mining supervisors Four of the five tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including reports for managers and planning work schedules. Supervising the crews doing the digging it barely touches. 71 holds up 67 AI helps 33 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  244. Not ExposedISCO 3152 Ships' deck officers and pilots Radio contact with the shore and other ships is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Commanding and navigating the ship and loading it safely it barely touches. 71 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 67.9 Hands-on
  245. Not ExposedISCO 3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators Four of the five tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including testing samples, running control panels and starting up and shutting down. Checking pipes for leaks it barely touches. 71 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 68.5 Hands-on
  246. Minimal ExposureISCO 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Selling and checking tickets are mostly out of AI's reach. Assigning lockers and guiding people out in an emergency it barely touches. 71 holds up 42 AI helps 24.5 AI does it 41.8 Hands-on
  247. Not ExposedISCO 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Eight of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including planning how water, oil and gas get moved and sizing up mines. Setting safety standards underground it barely touches. 71 holds up 72.7 AI helps 33 AI does it 23.8 Hands-on
  248. Not ExposedISCO 3133 Chemical processing plant controllers Testing samples, writing production logs and running the control panel are mostly out of AI's reach. Feeding in raw materials and checking for faults it barely touches. 71 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 64.1 Hands-on
  249. Minimal ExposureISCO 5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers Forecasting events from readings is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Reading palms, cards and tea leaves, and advising on evil influences, it barely touches. We didn't see that coming either. 70 holds up 40 AI helps 25 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  250. Not ExposedISCO 2330 Secondary education teachers Nine of the eleven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including designing courses and marking. Getting the classroom ready and keeping order it barely touches. 70 holds up 60 AI helps 34.5 AI does it 27.5 Hands-on
  251. Minimal ExposureISCO 1341 Child care services managers Keeping the centre's records and accounts is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the nine, including following each child's progress and running development programmes. 70 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 31.9 Hands-on
  252. Minimal ExposureISCO 2222 Midwifery professionals Registering births and research are where AI could take a fair chunk. It barely touches four of the eight tasks, including caring for newborns and easing pain in labour. 70 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 41.9 Hands-on
  253. Minimal ExposureISCO 3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pricing and filing prescriptions and keeping patient records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Filling and labelling medicines and cleaning equipment it barely touches. 70 holds up 69 AI helps 29 AI does it 41.4 Hands-on
  254. Not ExposedISCO 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Eight of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, in fields from optical instruments to biomedical and marine engineering. Designing explosive ordnance it barely touches. Thankfully. 70 holds up 71.8 AI helps 34.4 AI does it 29.8 Hands-on
  255. Minimal ExposureISCO 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Recording patients' health and treatment is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Examining patients and treating them it barely touches. 70 holds up 65.5 AI helps 30.3 AI does it 50.8 Hands-on
  256. Minimal ExposureISCO 7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders Recording grades on tags and sheets is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Tasting, smelling, weighing and measuring the product it barely touches. 69 holds up 61.5 AI helps 32 AI does it 55.5 Hands-on
  257. Minimal ExposureISCO 3135 Metal production process controllers Shift logs and production reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Running the machinery and handling emergency start-ups and shutdowns it barely touches. 69 holds up 63 AI helps 31 AI does it 66 Hands-on
  258. Minimal ExposureISCO 3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians Entering test results into records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. It barely touches five of the ten, including growing cultures and maintaining lab kit. 69 holds up 70 AI helps 31.5 AI does it 44 Hands-on
  259. Minimal ExposureISCO 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Analysing test data is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Recording results is mostly out of its reach, and measuring products and grading fibres it barely touches. 69 holds up 65 AI helps 36.5 AI does it 58.3 Hands-on
  260. Minimal ExposureISCO 3154 Air traffic controllers Briefing crews on weather and flight conditions is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Directing aircraft on the runway is mostly out of its reach, and organising emergency response it barely touches. 69 holds up 60 AI helps 31 AI does it 39.2 Hands-on
  261. Not ExposedISCO 1111 Legislators All eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach: setting policy, hearing out public concerns, haggling with other legislators and sitting through committees. Not one gets to even a fair chunk. 69 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it – Hands-on
  262. Not ExposedISCO 2612 Judges Six of the seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including researching the law, writing opinions and sentencing. Presiding over trials and hearings it barely touches. 69 holds up 58 AI helps 34 AI does it 7.8 Hands-on
  263. Not ExposedISCO 2151 Electrical engineers Four of the six tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, mainly designing power and motor systems. Specifying installations and planning repairs it barely touches. 69 holds up 71 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.8 Hands-on
  264. Minimal ExposureISCO 2655 Actors Reading scripts and researching roles is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Learning lines and performing on stage and screen it barely touches. 69 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 32.4 Hands-on
  265. Minimal ExposureISCO 5113 Travel guides Eight of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including describing the sights, registering visitors and running school trips. Keeping the group safe and giving first aid it barely touches. 68 holds up 62 AI helps 48 AI does it 40.9 Hands-on
  266. Minimal ExposureISCO 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Recording production data is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Inspecting and rejecting faulty products is mostly out of its reach, and assembling the parts it barely touches. 68 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 61.2 Hands-on
  267. Minimal ExposureISCO 3351 Customs and border inspectors Writing up findings and violations is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Detaining people, seizing goods and patrolling the border it barely touches. 68 holds up 66.5 AI helps 36.5 AI does it 50.9 Hands-on
  268. Minimal ExposureISCO 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers Seven of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including budgets and promoting events. Keeping the place clean, safe and in good nick it barely touches. 68 holds up 71.5 AI helps 41 AI does it 30.4 Hands-on
  269. Not ExposedISCO 2144 Mechanical engineers Six of the seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, mainly advising on and designing machinery, aircraft parts and kit. Designing engines and motors it barely touches. 68 holds up 72 AI helps 35 AI does it 37.3 Hands-on
  270. Not ExposedISCO 3116 Chemical engineering technicians All five tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from lab tests and process research to watching over the plant and drawing its layout. 68 holds up 67 AI helps 33 AI does it 55.6 Hands-on
  271. Minimal ExposureISCO 2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals Research and lifestyle advice are mostly out of AI's reach. Examining patients and carrying out treatment it barely touches. 68 holds up 64 AI helps 28 AI does it 28.9 Hands-on
  272. Minimal ExposureISCO 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Updating courses and materials is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Ten of the twelve are mostly out of its reach, including teaching theory and demonstrating practical skills. 67 holds up 70 AI helps 44 AI does it 16.9 Hands-on
  273. Minimal ExposureISCO 3412 Social work associate professionals Assessing clients' needs and checking how programmes are working are where AI could take a fair chunk. Counselling people in group homes and stepping in during a crisis it barely touches. 67 holds up 65.3 AI helps 35 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  274. Minimal ExposureISCO 2262 Pharmacists Advising on how drugs interact is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Prescription records are mostly out of its reach, and preparing and storing medicines it barely touches. 67 holds up 68 AI helps 32 AI does it 24.3 Hands-on
  275. Minimal ExposureISCO 1323 Construction managers All eleven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from preparing tenders and running the site programme to negotiating with owners, developers and subcontractors. 66 holds up 70 AI helps 33 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  276. Minimal ExposureISCO 2353 Other language teachers Marking and making teaching materials are where AI could take a fair chunk. Teaching the lesson is mostly out of its reach, and helping students in classes taught in another language it barely touches. 66 holds up 73.5 AI helps 53.5 AI does it 21.5 Hands-on
  277. Minimal ExposureISCO 3155 Air traffic safety electronics technicians Developing and debugging system software is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Supervising installing and running the equipment it barely touches. 66 holds up 71.5 AI helps 46.5 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  278. Minimal ExposureISCO 1343 Aged care services managers Budgets and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Directing care staff is mostly out of its reach, and coordinating care for older people it barely touches. 66 holds up 69.5 AI helps 31 AI does it 26.1 Hands-on
  279. Minimal ExposureISCO 2355 Other arts teachers Nine of the ten tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including teaching theory and assessing students. Demonstrating drama, dance and art in person it barely touches. 65 holds up 73 AI helps 51 AI does it 24.2 Hands-on
  280. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3256 Medical assistants AI could take a fair chunk of four of the ten tasks, including booking appointments, billing and repeat prescriptions. It barely touches five, like helping doctors examine patients and keeping rooms clean. 65 holds up 69 AI helps 29 AI does it 41.5 Hands-on
  281. Minimal ExposureISCO 1322 Mining managers Production records and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Budgets and safety are mostly out of its reach, and installing new plant it barely touches. 65 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  282. Minimal ExposureISCO 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Cost estimates, records and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Spotting staff or parts shortages and keeping workers safe it barely touches. 65 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 57.3 Hands-on
  283. Minimal ExposureISCO 2320 Vocational education teachers Keeping grades and attendance is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. One-to-one teaching and showing people how to use tools safely it barely touches. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 48 AI does it 44.5 Hands-on
  284. Minimal ExposureISCO 3118 Draughtspersons Seven of the eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including CAD drawings and wiring and layout diagrams. Copying artwork onto printing plates it barely touches. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 43.5 AI does it 26.5 Hands-on
  285. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5211 Stall and market salespersons Keeping accounts and stock records is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Setting up the stall, carrying goods and displaying and wrapping them it barely touches. 65 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  286. Minimal ExposureISCO 2145 Chemical engineers Cost estimates and progress reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Designing plant and processes is mostly out of its reach, and lab work on new processes it barely touches. 65 holds up 72.3 AI helps 32.3 AI does it 24.2 Hands-on
  287. Minimal ExposureISCO 3334 Real estate agents and property managers Six of the seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including leases, collecting rent and negotiating with tenants and owners. Getting the maintenance people round it barely touches. 65 holds up 70 AI helps 47 AI does it 32.6 Hands-on
  288. Minimal ExposureISCO 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Editing and mixing picture and sound is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Recording sound is mostly out of its reach, and emergency kit repairs it barely touches. 65 holds up 66.3 AI helps 38.8 AI does it 48.9 Hands-on
  289. Minimal ExposureISCO 2354 Other music teachers Updating courses and materials is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Showing someone how to sing or play an instrument it barely touches. 65 holds up 73 AI helps 51 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  290. Minimal ExposureISCO 1212 Human resource managers All eleven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach. HR systems are where it gets closest. Keeping the organisation on the right side of employment and safety law is among the furthest away. 64 holds up 66 AI helps 36 AI does it 13.6 Hands-on
  291. Not ExposedISCO 1213 Policy and planning managers All nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach. Policy research and analysis is where it gets closest; representing the organisation and managing people are the furthest away. 64 holds up 70.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  292. Minimal ExposureISCO 3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified All four tasks are mostly out of AI's reach: keeping records for investigations, and checking prices, wages, and weights and measures. 64 holds up 66.8 AI helps 40.8 AI does it 50.8 Hands-on
  293. Minimal ExposureISCO 5222 Shop supervisors Planning rotas and making sure customers are served quickly are where AI could take a fair chunk. Handling returns is mostly out of its reach, and enforcing safety procedures it barely touches. 64 holds up 68 AI helps 42 AI does it 35.1 Hands-on
  294. Minimal ExposureISCO 1342 Health services managers All ten tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from budgets and reports to working with other services, hiring staff and speaking for the service. 64 holds up 69.5 AI helps 37 AI does it 26.6 Hands-on
  295. Minimal ExposureISCO 1345 Education managers Budgets and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. The other ten are mostly out of its reach, including championing the school, setting discipline and looking after the buildings. 64 holds up 70 AI helps 37.5 AI does it 18 Hands-on
  296. Minimal ExposureISCO 1412 Restaurant managers Stock and financial records are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Buying and pricing are mostly out of its reach, and keeping the kitchen up to health standards it barely touches. 64 holds up 69 AI helps 43 AI does it 52.3 Hands-on
  297. Minimal ExposureISCO 2114 Geologists and geophysicists Mapping the Earth's magnetic field and measuring the seas and sky are where AI could take a fair chunk. Nine tasks are mostly out of its reach, and finding building materials in the ground it barely touches. 64 holds up 72 AI helps 33 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  298. Minimal ExposureISCO 2611 Lawyers Weighing up findings and building the case is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Drafting documents, arguing in court and prosecuting are mostly out of its reach. 64 holds up 61.3 AI helps 37 AI does it 17.4 Hands-on
  299. Minimal ExposureISCO 2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers All seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from writing and editing programmes and haggling over royalties to directing and staging scenes. 64 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 24.3 Hands-on
  300. Minimal ExposureISCO 2141 Industrial and production engineers Nine of the ten tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including analysing workflows, layouts and production schedules. Walking the plant floor to keep it running well it barely touches. 63 holds up 72 AI helps 35 AI does it 34.6 Hands-on
  301. Minimal ExposureISCO 3432 Interior designers and decorators Nine of the ten tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including sketches, plans and working through designs with clients. Painting stage scenery it barely touches. 63 holds up 68.3 AI helps 35.3 AI does it 35.8 Hands-on
  302. Minimal ExposureISCO 1114 Senior officials of special-interest organizations All nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach: keeping an eye on the organisation, standing up for its members, and representing and negotiating on their behalf. 63 holds up 66.5 AI helps 28.5 AI does it 24.1 Hands-on
  303. Minimal ExposureISCO 1344 Social welfare managers Budgets, reports and keeping spending in check are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. The other nine, including advising government and managing staff, are mostly out of its reach. 63 holds up 69 AI helps 32 AI does it 26.2 Hands-on
  304. Minimal ExposureISCO 2310 University and higher education teachers Marking exams and writing academic papers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Supervising practicals is mostly out of its reach, and actually giving lectures and tutorials it barely touches. 63 holds up 69.5 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  305. Minimal ExposureISCO 4321 Stock clerks All five tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from keeping stock records and ordering to logging deliveries and weighing goods. 63 holds up 65.3 AI helps 47.3 AI does it 60.2 Hands-on
  306. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 4415 Filing and copying clerks Keeping track of what's filed and what's taken out is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Sorting and filing are mostly out of its reach, and photocopying and scanning it barely touches. 63 holds up 74 AI helps 76 AI does it 41.9 Hands-on
  307. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians Entering data and checking catalogue records are where AI could take a fair chunk. Mounting displays and packing and unpacking exhibits it barely touches. 63 holds up 68 AI helps 47 AI does it 48.5 Hands-on
  308. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters Planning the quickest route is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Delivering parcels and carrying luggage it barely touches. 63 holds up 47.7 AI helps 29.7 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  309. Minimal ExposureISCO 2161 Building architects Eight of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including drawings, specifications and meeting clients on site. Checking the building against the plans it barely touches. 63 holds up 72.5 AI helps 44.5 AI does it 19.8 Hands-on
  310. Minimal ExposureISCO 2162 Landscape architects Eight of the nine tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, including analysing the site and writing specifications. Checking the build against the plans it barely touches. 63 holds up 72 AI helps 46 AI does it 21.6 Hands-on
  311. Minimal ExposureISCO 1211 Finance managers All eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach. Building budgets and sizing up the finances are where it gets closest; talking to other managers and running a team, it barely gets near. 63 holds up 73.3 AI helps 45.7 AI does it 8.5 Hands-on
  312. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 1411 Hotel managers Arranging tours and transport for guests and checking they're happy are where AI could take a fair chunk. Security, the grounds and safety rules it barely touches. 63 holds up 69.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 39.6 Hands-on
  313. Minimal ExposureISCO 2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified Property transfers, legal advice and drafting contracts are mostly out of AI's reach. Holding inquests into unexplained deaths it barely touches. 63 holds up 64 AI helps 37 AI does it 10.2 Hands-on
  314. Minimal ExposureISCO 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials Compiling scores and records and planning fixtures are where AI could take a fair chunk. Motivating athletes and refereeing are mostly out of its reach. 63 holds up 66 AI helps 34 AI does it 32.1 Hands-on
  315. Minimal ExposureISCO 1120 Managing directors and chief executives All eleven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from setting strategy and watching the numbers to picking senior staff and actually leading the place. 62 holds up 66.5 AI helps 28.5 AI does it 23.8 Hands-on
  316. Minimal ExposureISCO 1112 Senior government officials Reviewing and signing off documents is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Advising on budgets and laws is mostly out of its reach, and coordinating with other senior officials it barely touches. 62 holds up 67.7 AI helps 31 AI does it 29.7 Hands-on
  317. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Reading and recording meters is a task AI could do most of, and it could take a fair chunk of the stock and takings records. Collecting coins and refilling vending machines it barely touches. 62 holds up 54.5 AI helps 37.5 AI does it 52.5 Hands-on
  318. Minimal ExposureISCO 1321 Manufacturing managers Production reports and budgets are the two tasks AI could take a fair chunk of. Nine more are mostly out of its reach, and installing new plant it barely touches. 62 holds up 70.7 AI helps 41.7 AI does it 42.2 Hands-on
  319. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2111 Physicists and astronomers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the eleven tasks, led by analysing experiments and modelling data from space. Testing equipment is mostly out of its reach, and safely giving patients radiation it barely touches. 62 holds up 75 AI helps 33 AI does it 21.5 Hands-on
  320. Minimal ExposureISCO 3114 Electronics engineering technicians Drawing circuit blueprints is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Estimating costs, testing systems and checking installations are mostly out of its reach. 62 holds up 74 AI helps 47 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  321. Minimal ExposureISCO 2143 Environmental engineers Researching and reporting on environmental impact is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Monitoring, collaborating and inspecting sites are mostly out of its reach. 62 holds up 71 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  322. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) AI could take a fair chunk of three of the thirteen tasks, including modelling data and keeping databases. Setting up and running lab equipment it barely touches. 62 holds up 72 AI helps 40 AI does it 52.1 Hands-on
  323. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 7321 Pre-press technicians Laying out images and text on screen and checking proofs are where AI could take a fair chunk. Making printing plates and preparing cylinders it barely touches. 62 holds up 73 AI helps 31 AI does it 30.5 Hands-on
  324. Minimal ExposureISCO 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Budgets and reports are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Planning services, working with other agencies and managing staff are mostly out of its reach. 62 holds up 71 AI helps 41.3 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  325. Minimal ExposureISCO 2133 Environmental protection professionals All seven tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from conservation plans and field sampling to impact assessments and compliance checks. 62 holds up 72 AI helps 32 AI does it 37 Hands-on
  326. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5223 Shop sales assistants Selling and taking payment is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Advising customers is mostly out of its reach, and stacking, displaying and wrapping goods it barely touches. 62 holds up 63.3 AI helps 48.8 AI does it 50 Hands-on
  327. Minimal ExposureISCO 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers All twelve tasks are mostly out of AI's reach. Logging purchases and stock is where it gets closest; negotiating supplier contracts and managing people are the furthest away. 62 holds up 73.3 AI helps 50.3 AI does it 30.2 Hands-on
  328. Minimal ExposureISCO 2113 Chemists Research and writing up papers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Developing new materials is mostly out of its reach, and coaxing microbes into making new compounds it barely touches. 61 holds up 74 AI helps 33 AI does it 36.4 Hands-on
  329. Minimal ExposureISCO 1222 Advertising and public relations managers All eight tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from planning ad and PR campaigns to setting the rules and managing the team. 61 holds up 72 AI helps 38 AI does it 20 Hands-on
  330. Minimal ExposureISCO 3333 Employment agents and contractors Matching jobseekers with vacancies is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Finding workers, advising on training and talking to employers are mostly out of its reach. 61 holds up 68 AI helps 51 AI does it 38.3 Hands-on
  331. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3431 Photographers Scanning photos and adapting images for digital use are where AI could take a fair chunk. Taking portraits and creating visual effects are mostly out of its reach. 61 holds up 61 AI helps 27 AI does it 47.3 Hands-on
  332. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2634 Psychologists Workplace surveys, research and writing papers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Counselling and therapy sessions, and keeping in touch with families and schools, are mostly out of its reach. 61 holds up 69 AI helps 43 AI does it 12.1 Hands-on
  333. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2351 Education methods specialists Writing up and evaluating new courses is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Sitting in on lessons to watch teachers teach it barely touches. 61 holds up 71 AI helps 39 AI does it 21 Hands-on
  334. Minimal ExposureISCO 3323 Buyers Working out what stock is needed, and to what spec, is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Negotiating with suppliers, scheduling deliveries and managing stock are mostly out of its reach. 61 holds up 67 AI helps 40 AI does it 18.3 Hands-on
  335. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5230 Cashiers and ticket clerks Issuing event tickets and running the till are where AI could take a fair chunk. Scanning and weighing goods is mostly out of its reach, and bagging them it barely touches. 61 holds up 58 AI helps 49.5 AI does it 36.5 Hands-on
  336. Minimal ExposureISCO 1223 Research and development managers Planning and coordinating R&D is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. The other seven, including running the day and managing people, are mostly out of its reach. 60 holds up 71 AI helps 43 AI does it 30.3 Hands-on
  337. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals Writing up research and advising on conservation are where AI could take a fair chunk. Classifying and tracking living things is mostly out of its reach, and collecting specimens in the field it barely touches. 60 holds up 73.3 AI helps 33.3 AI does it 37.1 Hands-on
  338. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2424 Training and staff development professionals Digging up background material is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Writing training materials, spotting needs and evaluating courses are mostly out of its reach. 59 holds up 76 AI helps 57 AI does it 19.3 Hands-on
  339. Minimal ExposureISCO 2164 Town and traffic planners Planning traffic routes and public transport is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Analysing the community, planning land use and consulting the council are mostly out of its reach. 59 holds up 71 AI helps 45 AI does it 9 Hands-on
  340. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks Delivery records and sorting and logging post are where AI could take a fair chunk. Serving at the counter and delivering to homes and businesses are mostly out of its reach. 59 holds up 59.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 57 Hands-on
  341. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1221 Sales and marketing managers Setting prices, discounts and promotion budgets is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Running the day and managing the team are mostly out of its reach. 59 holds up 72 AI helps 38 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  342. Minimal ExposureISCO 2265 Dieticians and nutritionists Research and presenting findings is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Planning diets, reading nutrition data and advising people are mostly out of its reach. 59 holds up 76 AI helps 40 AI does it 15.6 Hands-on
  343. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classified Checking details and answering questions about benefits and claims are where AI could take a fair chunk. Interviewing applicants and referring them on are mostly out of its reach. 58 holds up 71 AI helps 67 AI does it 8.6 Hands-on
  344. Minimal ExposureISCO 2422 Policy administration professionals Researching social and economic trends is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Drafting policy options, weighing up impacts and consulting people are mostly out of its reach. 58 holds up 74.5 AI helps 48 AI does it 17.6 Hands-on
  345. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5242 Sales demonstrators Taking orders and arranging payment and delivery is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Handing out samples and catalogues it barely touches. 58 holds up 62 AI helps 36 AI does it 39.9 Hands-on
  346. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified AI could take a fair chunk of three of the ten tasks, led by writing procedures and pulling together financial reports and budgets. Strategic advice and managing staff are mostly out of its reach. 58 holds up 70.7 AI helps 45.7 AI does it 36.1 Hands-on
  347. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2152 Electronics engineers AI could take a fair chunk of three of the eight tasks, led by designing signal-processing algorithms and researching radar and remote-control systems. Maintenance and repair it barely touches. 58 holds up 73.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 26.5 Hands-on
  348. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4214 Debt-collectors and related workers Recommending legal action when a debt goes unpaid is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Tracking down debtors and getting in touch to collect are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 70 AI helps 69 AI does it 17.8 Hands-on
  349. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3341 Office supervisors Coordinating and checking the clerks' work is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Solving problems, training staff and judging performance are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 71 AI helps 54.3 AI does it 35.4 Hands-on
  350. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3511 Information and communications technology operations technicians Sorting program output and reading job set-up instructions are where AI could take a fair chunk. Monitoring systems is mostly out of its reach, and loading printers and other kit it barely touches. 57 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 20 Hands-on
  351. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3513 Computer network and systems technicians Helping users with network problems is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Running and troubleshooting networks and installing hardware and software are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 30.3 Hands-on
  352. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3354 Government licensing officials Processing licence applications and paperwork is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Approving passports, advising applicants and running licence tests are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 71.5 AI helps 53.5 AI does it 26.1 Hands-on
  353. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5221 Shop keepers Budgets and stock and sales records are the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Ordering goods, stocktaking and handling returns are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 73 AI helps 48 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  354. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2432 Public relations professionals Commissioning and analysing opinion research is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Advising the bosses and running events are mostly out of its reach. 57 holds up 70 AI helps 49 AI does it 12.2 Hands-on
  355. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1420 Retail and wholesale trade managers Advertising the shop and keeping stock and sales records are where AI could take a fair chunk. Hiring, managing staff and safety are mostly out of its reach. 56 holds up 73 AI helps 50 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  356. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4322 Production clerks Turning customer orders into production schedules is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Scheduling materials, tracking work between departments and working out material needs are mostly out of its reach. 56 holds up 69 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 26 Hands-on
  357. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2165 Cartographers and surveyors Recording survey data and building maps from aerial and satellite images are where AI could take a fair chunk. Surveying land, mines and waterways in person it barely touches. 56 holds up 76 AI helps 40 AI does it 38.1 Hands-on
  358. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1330 Information and communications technology service managers AI could take a fair chunk of three of the eleven tasks, including working out what tech is needed and keeping an eye on security. Leading the tech team and hiring are mostly out of its reach. 56 holds up 70 AI helps 38 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  359. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3324 Trade brokers Analysing market trends is the one task AI could take a fair chunk of. Bringing buyers and sellers together and negotiating the deal are mostly out of its reach. 56 holds up 74 AI helps 51.3 AI does it 34.1 Hands-on
  360. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified AI could take a fair chunk of half the six tasks, including researching services and what buyers need. Negotiating and signing contracts are mostly out of its reach. 56 holds up 70.5 AI helps 49.9 AI does it 15.6 Hands-on
  361. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers Setting odds and deciding which bets to take are where AI could take a fair chunk. Explaining the house rules is mostly out of its reach, and dealing cards and spinning the wheel it barely touches. 55 holds up 66 AI helps 57.3 AI does it 31.9 Hands-on
  362. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2423 Personnel and careers professionals Analysing jobs and writing up occupational information are where AI could take a fair chunk. Advising on hiring, placement and training is mostly out of its reach. 55 holds up 67.5 AI helps 44 AI does it 14.4 Hands-on
  363. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3315 Valuers and loss assessors Writing valuation reports and assessing damage and loss are where AI could take a fair chunk. Judging what things are worth is mostly out of its reach, and inspecting items in person it barely touches. 55 holds up 72 AI helps 43.5 AI does it 29.9 Hands-on
  364. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3353 Government social benefits officials Checking benefit applications and keeping client records are where AI could take a fair chunk. Interviewing claimants and explaining the rules are mostly out of its reach. 55 holds up 68 AI helps 39 AI does it 19.7 Hands-on
  365. Minimal ExposureISCO 3522 Telecommunications engineering technicians All five tasks are mostly out of AI's reach, from research support and supervising maintenance to cost estimates and reading blueprints. 55 holds up 69 AI helps 46 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  366. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5243 Door to door salespersons AI could take a fair chunk of four of the seven tasks, including listing prospects and recording orders. Travelling between clients with a case of samples it barely touches. 54 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  367. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2421 Management and organization analysts AI could take a fair chunk of three of the nine tasks, led by analysing workflows, records and job descriptions and writing new procedures. Talking to staff and shaping strategy are mostly out of its reach. 54 holds up 71.5 AI helps 44.5 AI does it 20.2 Hands-on
  368. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4411 Library clerks Managing journal subscriptions, filing and word processing are where AI could take a fair chunk. Helping people find things is mostly out of its reach, and putting books back on the shelves it barely touches. 54 holds up 63 AI helps 48 AI does it 36.9 Hands-on
  369. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers AI could take a fair chunk of six of the eleven tasks, led by assessing loan and insurance applications and advising customers. Managing staff and client relationships are mostly out of its reach. 53 holds up 70 AI helps 38 AI does it 17 Hands-on
  370. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2356 Information technology trainers AI could take a fair chunk of half the six tasks, led by keeping up with new software and researching training material. Designing, running and reviewing the training are mostly out of its reach. 53 holds up 76 AI helps 57 AI does it 19.3 Hands-on
  371. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3512 Information and communications technology user support technicians AI could take a fair chunk of five of the nine tasks, including digging through manuals for fixes and helping developers. Installing and repairing hardware it barely touches. 53 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 36.8 Hands-on
  372. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists AI could take a fair chunk of half the eight tasks, including checking and describing historical sources and publishing findings. Building theories and reasoning about first causes are mostly out of its reach. 53 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  373. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2621 Archivists and curators AI could take a fair chunk of four of the ten tasks, led by managing digital records and deciding what to keep. Cataloguing and building collections are mostly out of its reach. 53 holds up 72.5 AI helps 41.5 AI does it 42.6 Hands-on
  374. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media Prepping background for programmes and reading the news are where AI could take a fair chunk. Introducing guests and interviewing people are mostly out of its reach. 53 holds up 68 AI helps 41 AI does it 26.8 Hands-on
  375. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals AI could take a fair chunk of five of the nine tasks, led by analysing social data and advising on policy. Piecing together human history from excavated remains it barely touches. 52 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 19 Hands-on
  376. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3332 Conference and event planners Registering guests and promoting events are where AI could take a fair chunk. Negotiating costs and keeping contractors in line are mostly out of its reach. 52 holds up 73 AI helps 53 AI does it 47.7 Hands-on
  377. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders Valuing pawned items, working out interest and making loans are where AI could take a fair chunk. Collecting loans and keeping records are mostly out of its reach. 52 holds up 63 AI helps 42 AI does it – Hands-on
  378. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2153 Telecommunications engineers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the seven tasks, led by signal processing and designing comms networks. Broadcast network design and upkeep are mostly out of its reach. 52 holds up 72 AI helps 41 AI does it 32.9 Hands-on
  379. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2511 Systems analysts Writing functional specs and linking up an organisation's systems are where AI could take a fair chunk. Rolling out and extending systems are mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 24.7 Hands-on
  380. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3322 Commercial sales representatives AI could take a fair chunk of three of the seven tasks, including keeping up with the market and following up clients. Actually selling and reporting back on customers are mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 72 AI helps 63 AI does it 33.6 Hands-on
  381. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3313 Accounting associate professionals AI could take a fair chunk of half the six tasks, including the accounting sums and preparing financial statements. Untangling bookkeeping problems and supervising clerks are mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 75.5 AI helps 68.5 AI does it 16.2 Hands-on
  382. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3352 Government tax and excise officials Checking tax returns and keeping records are where AI could take a fair chunk. Investigating accounts and explaining tax law to the public are mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 68 AI helps 39 AI does it 18.1 Hands-on
  383. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4323 Transport clerks AI could take a fair chunk of four of the six tasks, led by keeping road transport records and writing reports for the bosses. Directing trains and freight around rail yards is mostly out of its reach. 51 holds up 71.3 AI helps 57 AI does it 27.7 Hands-on
  384. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) AI could take a fair chunk of half the twelve tasks, including keeping up with products and building prospect lists. Visiting clients and estimating installation costs are mostly out of its reach. 50 holds up 73 AI helps 50 AI does it 28.8 Hands-on
  385. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2434 Information and communications technology sales professionals Updating customer records, writing sales reports and passing feedback on to manufacturers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Actually selling the kit and arranging installation are mostly out of its reach. 49 holds up 72 AI helps 58 AI does it 24.4 Hands-on
  386. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4224 Hotel receptionists AI could take a fair chunk of seven of the nine tasks, including answering guests' questions and taking payment at checkout. Passing on housekeeping and maintenance requests is mostly out of its reach. 49 holds up 67 AI helps 66 AI does it 28.3 Hands-on
  387. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks AI could take a fair chunk of three of the five tasks, led by coding and classifying information and checking proofs against originals. Sorting forms and addressing envelopes by hand are mostly out of its reach. 49 holds up 75 AI helps 68 AI does it 6.3 Hands-on
  388. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2523 Computer network professionals AI could take a fair chunk of four of the seven tasks, led by analysing system designs and recommending network upgrades. Installing networks and firefighting emergencies are mostly out of its reach. 48 holds up 71 AI helps 45 AI does it 36.6 Hands-on
  389. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3252 Medical records and health information technicians AI could take a fair chunk of four of the six tasks, led by coding medical records and keeping them indexed and stored. Checking records and keeping them confidential are mostly out of its reach. 48 holds up 73 AI helps 64.7 AI does it 21.9 Hands-on
  390. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3321 Insurance representatives AI could take a fair chunk of half the six tasks, including working out the cover a client needs and calculating premiums. Negotiating big contracts and reinsurance are mostly out of its reach. 47 holds up 74 AI helps 59 AI does it 21 Hands-on
  391. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3514 Web technicians AI could take a fair chunk of four of the seven tasks, including building web pages and writing documentation. Keeping sites running and supporting users are mostly out of its reach. 47 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  392. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3344 Medical secretaries AI could take a fair chunk of five of the eight tasks, including insurance claim forms and billing. Keeping medical charts and supervising the office are mostly out of its reach. 47 holds up 68.5 AI helps 54 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  393. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2112 Meteorologists AI could take a fair chunk of six of the nine tasks, led by crunching station, radar and satellite data and building weather models. Field experiments like cloud seeding are mostly out of its reach. 46 holds up 75 AI helps 33 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  394. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries AI could take a fair chunk of five of the eight tasks, including booking meetings and travel and producing word-for-word records. Supervising clerical staff and liaising with colleagues are mostly out of its reach. 46 holds up 71.3 AI helps 70.3 AI does it 27.9 Hands-on
  395. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4223 Telephone switchboard operators AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, including putting calls through and taking messages. Reporting faults to the repair people is mostly out of its reach. 46 holds up 70 AI helps 65 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  396. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2641 Authors and related writers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the six tasks, led by editing and writing manuals and instructions. Writing novels, plays and scripts is mostly out of its reach. 46 holds up 69.5 AI helps 57.5 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  397. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4227 Survey and market research interviewers Asking survey questions and recording answers are where AI could take a fair chunk. Getting hold of people and sorting out answers that don't add up are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 64 AI helps 71 AI does it 26.8 Hands-on
  398. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified Writing testing policies and test plans are where AI could take a fair chunk. Checking programs do what they should and installing software and hardware are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 76.3 AI helps 59.3 AI does it 11.6 Hands-on
  399. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3342 Legal secretaries AI could take a fair chunk of five of the seven tasks, including scheduling meetings and proofreading legal documents. Helping with budgets and contracts and supervising staff are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 69.5 AI helps 54.5 AI does it 25.2 Hands-on
  400. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2622 Librarians and related information professionals AI could take a fair chunk of all nine tasks, from organising and cataloguing information to reference searches, loans and choosing new books. 45 holds up 70 AI helps 47.3 AI does it 24.1 Hands-on
  401. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals AI could take a fair chunk of six of the nine tasks, led by writing ad copy and scripts and analysing consumer data. Marketing strategy and advice on pricing are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 74.5 AI helps 57.5 AI does it 7.1 Hands-on
  402. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2631 Economists AI could take a fair chunk of ten of the twelve tasks, led by analysing labour market and economic data. Forecasting and researching market conditions are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 74.5 AI helps 51 AI does it 2.7 Hands-on
  403. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4221 Travel consultants and clerks AI could take a fair chunk of six of the eight tasks, led by making bookings and comparing travel options. Helping with visas and checking in passengers are mostly out of its reach. 45 holds up 63.5 AI helps 61 AI does it 21.9 Hands-on
  404. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians AI could take a fair chunk of nine of the ten tasks, from designing surveys and pension schemes to writing up the findings. Only supervising assistants is mostly out of its reach. 44 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 7.2 Hands-on
  405. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4226 Receptionists (general) Booking appointments and handing out forms and brochures are where AI could take a fair chunk. Welcoming visitors and pointing them the right way are mostly out of its reach. 44 holds up 67 AI helps 66 AI does it 23.9 Hands-on
  406. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2522 Systems administrators AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, including running networks, suggesting configuration changes and doing backups. Diagnosing hardware and software faults is mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 46.5 AI does it 23.3 Hands-on
  407. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals AI could take a fair chunk of seven of the eight tasks, led by preparing statistical results and keeping registers and samples. Only supervising the statistical clerks is mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 74 AI helps 68 AI does it 8.5 Hands-on
  408. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2521 Database designers and administrators AI could take a fair chunk of five of the six tasks, from designing and testing databases to setting data policies. Only routine backups and recovery are mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 48 AI does it 9.5 Hands-on
  409. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2514 Applications programmers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, among them writing code, documenting it and running tests. Only pinning down and explaining technical problems is mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 77 AI helps 63 AI does it 13.5 Hands-on
  410. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, including checking insurance and import and export papers and issuing bills of lading. Getting goods through customs is mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 64 AI does it 59 Hands-on
  411. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4225 Enquiry clerks AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, including answering enquiries and logging complaints. Handing tricky cases to the experts is mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 70 AI helps 66 AI does it 22.5 Hands-on
  412. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2412 Financial and investment advisers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the six tasks, including arranging share trades and insurance cover. Setting clients' financial goals and building a client base are mostly out of its reach. 43 holds up 74 AI helps 48 AI does it 1.8 Hands-on
  413. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4120 Secretaries (general) Screening meeting requests and organising meetings is the one task AI could do most of, and it could take a fair chunk of six more. Handling the post is mostly out of its reach. 42 holds up 69 AI helps 67 AI does it 24.6 Hands-on
  414. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4414 Scribes and related workers AI could take a fair chunk of all three tasks: writing letters and filling in forms for others, reading documents aloud to people who can't read, and helping with official paperwork. 42 holds up 75 AI helps 68 AI does it 55 Hands-on
  415. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists AI could take a fair chunk of five of the six tasks, including revising translations and interpreting speech or sign language. Only studying how languages evolved is mostly out of its reach. 41 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 17.7 Hands-on
  416. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4110 General office clerks AI could take a fair chunk of seven of the eight tasks, including typing up and proofreading information and preparing invoices. Sorting and sending the post is mostly out of its reach. 41 holds up 63.5 AI helps 54 AI does it 27.6 Hands-on
  417. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 2513 Web and multimedia developers AI could take a fair chunk of four of the five tasks, including writing code and building animations, games and video. Only talking security and hosting with network specialists is mostly out of its reach. 40 holds up 76 AI helps 44 AI does it 9.4 Hands-on
  418. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 3312 Credit and loans officers AI could take a fair chunk of all six tasks, from interviewing applicants and checking their finances to recommending approval and chasing late payments. 40 holds up 71 AI helps 68 AI does it 12.6 Hands-on
  419. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4416 Personnel clerks AI could take a fair chunk of six of the seven tasks, including sending out job ads, keeping staff records and answering questions about entitlements. Processing applications and advising applicants is mostly out of its reach. 40 holds up 73 AI helps 76 AI does it 22.9 Hands-on
  420. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4313 Payroll clerks AI could take a fair chunk of all five tasks, from checking hours and leave to preparing payments and reconciling timesheets. 39 holds up 70 AI helps 68 AI does it 17.3 Hands-on
  421. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 5244 Contact centre salespersons Booking appointments for sales reps is a task AI could do most of, and it could take a fair chunk of six more. Only reporting back on competitors and customer issues is mostly out of its reach. 39 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 16.6 Hands-on
  422. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 2413 Financial analysts AI could take a fair chunk of eight of the nine tasks, from forecasting and crunching financial data to writing up companies and markets. Only keeping up with the industry is mostly out of its reach. 38 holds up 77 AI helps 69 AI does it 7.5 Hands-on
  423. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified AI could take a fair chunk of all four tasks: taking classified ad orders, writing routine letters, finding and filing articles, and helping put publications together. 37 holds up 66 AI helps 54 AI does it 28.1 Hands-on
  424. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers AI could take a fair chunk of all five tasks, from logging buy and sell orders and analysing markets to researching clients and arranging loans. 37 holds up 76 AI helps 58 AI does it 23.7 Hands-on
  425. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks AI could take a fair chunk of all five tasks, from sending bills and statements to recording, summarising and checking financial data. 36 holds up 75.5 AI helps 70 AI does it 10.4 Hands-on
  426. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks AI could take a fair chunk of all five tasks, including processing insurance claims, doing the sums and keeping records of securities. 36 holds up 74 AI helps 68 AI does it 11.8 Hands-on
  427. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4131 Typists and word processing operators AI could take a fair chunk of all seven tasks, from typing and transcribing recordings to checking spelling and formatting and filing documents. 35 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  428. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4132 Data entry clerks AI could take a fair chunk of all five tasks: entering data, registering documents, checking and correcting entries and running calculating machines. It has the lowest score of all 427 jobs. 30 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 30.6 Hands-on

The small print: the bands are the ILO's own groups, word for word. “AI helps”, “AI does it” and “hands-on” are measured separately and never added into the score. A dash means we have no data for that job.