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AI probably isn't taking your whole job. So which parts?

How much of your job could AI actually do?

We broke 427 jobs down into 3,265 everyday tasks to find out what AI can do already, what it can help with, and what still needs a person.

Find your job → or compare two jobs
427
jobs every kind of work in the international job list, from surgeons to shelf stackers
3,265
everyday tasks each one rated for how much of it AI could do
73
the typical job holds up this well out of 100. Specialist medical practitioners sit right in the middle.
181
need a robotics caveat AI software scores them well because the work is physical. Robots could change that picture.

We didn't ask ChatGPT which jobs it thinks AI will replace.

We started with what people actually do all day, using the International Labour Organization's ratings for each task. A job's score is one sum you can check yourself. And a task AI could do isn't the same as a job that goes away.

How we worked this out →

Which jobs hold up best, and which are changing most?

All 427 jobs in one list, with how they spread across the bands and how each kind of work compares.

See the rankings →

New jobs

AI isn't only taking tasks. It's creating jobs too.

18 jobs that barely existed a few years ago

From robot teleoperators and AI red teamers to legal engineers and data centre technicians. See what they do, who's getting hired, and which existing careers lead into them.

Explore the new jobs →

Find your job

Search 427 jobs to see how much of each holds up, where AI helps, and which tasks are changing. Use the title you actually use: “septic tank servicer” finds plumbers.

428 jobs

  1. Not ExposedISCO 7126 Plumber Almost all of the work is measuring, cutting, joining and fitting pipes on site, which AI tools can't do. Reading the plans is the only task that rates above Very Low. 85 holds up 59 AI helps 15 AI does it 72.1 Hands-on
  2. Not ExposedISCO 5141 Hairdresser Seven of its eight tasks are done with hands on a client's head, and all seven rate Very Low. The one task AI could take on is booking appointments and taking payment. 83 holds up 47 AI helps 24 AI does it 45.9 Hands-on
  3. Not ExposedISCO 7411 Electrician Installing, wiring and inspecting on site make up most of the job, and six of its eight tasks rate Very Low. Only reading wiring diagrams and testing circuits rate Low. 81 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 76.1 Hands-on
  4. Minimal ExposureISCO 8332 Heavy truck driver Driving, loading and securing the load all rate Very Low for AI tools. Planning the route is the one task rated Medium. Self-driving trucks are a robotics question, and this score doesn't measure robots. 76 holds up 56 AI helps 21 AI does it 63.6 Hands-on
  5. Minimal ExposureISCO 5322 Aged care worker Helping clients wash, dress, eat and move rates Very Low. What AI could take on is the admin around the care: arranging appointments and keeping care records. 75 holds up 47 AI helps 21 AI does it 61.7 Hands-on
  6. Not ExposedISCO 3434 Chef Cooking, seasoning and checking dishes rate Very Low. The most exposed tasks are the office side of the kitchen: planning menus, costing and ordering supplies. 75 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 54.5 Hands-on
  7. Not ExposedISCO 2221 Registered nurse Hands-on care, like giving medication and dressing wounds, rates Very Low. Research, health education and answering patients' questions are the most exposed tasks, and even they only reach Low. 75 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 61.1 Hands-on
  8. Not ExposedISCO 2341 Primary school teacher Supervising children and keeping order in class rate Very Low. Planning lessons and marking work are the most exposed tasks, and they still only rate Low. 74 holds up 63 AI helps 32 AI does it 23.4 Hands-on
  9. Not ExposedISCO 2211 General practitioner Examining patients and performing procedures rate Very Low. Research, records and reporting to authorities are the most exposed, but none of its eleven tasks gets past Low. 71 holds up 70 AI helps 34 AI does it 13.3 Hands-on
  10. Not ExposedISCO 2142 Civil engineer Six of its seven tasks rate Low: designing structures, choosing methods and materials, and directing the build. Research is the most exposed task, and maintaining existing structures the least. 70 holds up 74 AI helps 33 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  11. Minimal ExposureISCO 2163 Fashion designer Scored through the ILO's product and garment designers group. Documenting a design for production is the only task rated Medium; sketching, briefing clients and making prototypes rate Low or Very Low. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 39 AI does it 32.8 Hands-on
  12. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3411 Paralegal Drafting legal documents and preparing property and share transfers are the most exposed tasks, both rated Medium. Keeping order in court and investigating theft rate Very Low, which lifts the average. 61 holds up 59 AI helps 37 AI does it 14.7 Hands-on
  13. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2529 Data analyst Scored through the ILO's catch-all group for database and network professionals, whose tasks are mostly about data security. Monitoring threats and planning data protection rate Medium; the rest rate Low. 51 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 4.1 Hands-on
  14. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2166 Product designer Scored through the ILO's graphic and multimedia designers group, the closest match, so it shares graphic design's score. Making images and forming design concepts rate Medium; working with clients rates Low. 51 holds up 64 AI helps 49 AI does it 30.8 Hands-on
  15. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2166 Graphic designer Six of its ten tasks rate Medium, led by making images and animations, forming design concepts and preparing layouts. Negotiating designs with clients and overseeing production are the least exposed. 51 holds up 64 AI helps 49 AI does it 22.4 Hands-on
  16. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2411 Accountant Half of its eight tasks rate Medium, led by preparing financial statements and designing costing systems. Auditing accounts and investigating fraud or insolvency rate Low. 49 holds up 73 AI helps 54 AI does it 13.6 Hands-on
  17. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2512 Software developer Six of its eight tasks rate Medium, led by testing, analysing requirements and documenting maintenance. Only consulting with engineers and customers rates Low. 47 holds up 77 AI helps 63 AI does it 14.2 Hands-on
  18. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2642 Copywriter Scored through the ILO's journalists group. Seven of its ten tasks rate Medium, mostly checking, editing and choosing copy. Interviewing people and writing reviews are the least exposed. 46 holds up 70 AI helps 61 AI does it 9.4 Hands-on
  19. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4222 Customer service representative All six of its tasks rate Medium: logging requests, sending documents, taking payments and passing work on. With no task below Medium, it scores second lowest of the twenty. 42 holds up 73 AI helps 75 AI does it 33.6 Hands-on
  20. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4211 Bank teller Five of its six tasks rate Medium: crediting accounts, paying bills, changing currency and balancing the cash. That gives it the lowest score of the twenty. 42 holds up 67 AI helps 54 AI does it 35.6 Hands-on
  21. Not ExposedISCO 7112 Bricklayers and related workers All three tasks rate Very Low: laying brick and stone walls, building patios and garden walls, and laying footpaths and kerbs. 91 holds up 49 AI helps 17 AI does it 69.1 Hands-on
  22. Not ExposedISCO 9122 Vehicle cleaners All six tasks rate Very Low, from washing and polishing cars and windows to removing stains and blackening tyres. 91 holds up 40 AI helps 11 AI does it 64 Hands-on
  23. Not ExposedISCO 9624 Water and firewood collectors All six tasks rate Very Low, from carrying water from rivers and wells to gathering, bundling and transporting firewood. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 65 Hands-on
  24. Not ExposedISCO 6224 Hunters and trappers All five tasks rate Very Low, from setting traps and hunting to maintaining equipment and selling live animals. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  25. Not ExposedISCO 9211 Crop farm labourers All eight tasks rate Very Low, from planting and harvesting by hand and stacking hay to packing produce and mending fences. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 69 Hands-on
  26. Not ExposedISCO 7133 Building structure cleaners All three tasks rate Very Low: cleaning building exteriors, sweeping chimneys and flues, and removing asbestos, mould and fire damage. 91 holds up 47.7 AI helps 17 AI does it – Hands-on
  27. Not ExposedISCO 9611 Garbage and recycling collectors All four tasks rate Very Low: collecting rubbish and recycling, lifting and emptying bins, riding the truck and unloading it. 91 holds up 32 AI helps 17 AI does it 64.3 Hands-on
  28. Not ExposedISCO 9312 Civil engineering labourers All five tasks rate Very Low, from digging trenches and breaking concrete with jackhammers to loading materials and clearing sites. 91 holds up 37.8 AI helps 14 AI does it 73.4 Hands-on
  29. Not ExposedISCO 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified All three tasks rate Very Low: demolition, putting up scaffolding and maintenance work on tall structures. 91 holds up 41 AI helps 11 AI does it 71.9 Hands-on
  30. Not ExposedISCO 9215 Forestry labourers All eight tasks rate Very Low, from planting seedlings to felling trees with chainsaws and cutting them into logs. 91 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 71.2 Hands-on
  31. Not ExposedISCO 9313 Building construction labourers All six tasks rate Very Low, from mixing and pouring concrete and mortar to digging, cleaning up sites and salvaging bricks. 91 holds up 40.6 AI helps 14.7 AI does it 74.9 Hands-on
  32. Not ExposedISCO 9613 Sweepers and related labourers All four tasks rate Very Low: sweeping streets and public places, clearing leaves and snow, shovelling snow and beating carpets. 91 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it – Hands-on
  33. Not ExposedISCO 7122 Floor layers and tile setters All four tasks rate Very Low: preparing floors and walls, and laying carpet, tiles and mosaics. 90 holds up 56.5 AI helps 17.5 AI does it 65.5 Hands-on
  34. Not ExposedISCO 9129 Other cleaning workers All six tasks rate Very Low, from cleaning carpets and upholstery to pressure-washing stonework and clearing deposits with suction equipment. 90 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it 71.8 Hands-on
  35. Not ExposedISCO 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers All five tasks rate Very Low, from building formwork and reinforced concrete structures to finishing surfaces. 90 holds up 44.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 76.9 Hands-on
  36. Not ExposedISCO 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from grading and marking stone to splitting quarried blocks and setting monuments. 89 holds up 49 AI helps 17 AI does it 79.3 Hands-on
  37. Not ExposedISCO 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from maintaining and moving mining equipment to removing old supports and dangerous rock. 89 holds up 40 AI helps 18 AI does it 90.9 Hands-on
  38. Not ExposedISCO 7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers All thirteen tasks rate Very Low, from scraping and trimming pelts to grading, dressing and dyeing leather. 89 holds up 54.7 AI helps 27 AI does it 60.1 Hands-on
  39. Not ExposedISCO 9622 Odd job persons All seven tasks rate Very Low, from changing light bulbs and tap washers to adjusting doors and fitting handrails. 89 holds up 43 AI helps 10 AI does it 74.2 Hands-on
  40. Not ExposedISCO 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors All six tasks rate Very Low, from marking and shaping steel to erecting frameworks for buildings, bridges and ships. 89 holds up 53 AI helps 17.7 AI does it 71 Hands-on
  41. Not ExposedISCO 9123 Window cleaners All three tasks rate Very Low: choosing the right tools, washing and polishing glass, and working from ladders, cradles and bucket trucks. 89 holds up 44 AI helps 15 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  42. Not ExposedISCO 9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from feeding cultivated fish and shellfish to handling mooring lines and gathering seaweed. 89 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  43. Not ExposedISCO 9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers All eleven tasks rate Very Low, from harvesting by hand and packing produce to checking livestock and digging ditches. 89 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.7 Hands-on
  44. Not ExposedISCO 7123 Plasterers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from hanging and finishing plasterboard to casting ornamental plasterwork and applying fireproofing. 89 holds up 44 AI helps 12 AI does it 62 Hands-on
  45. Not ExposedISCO 9214 Garden and horticultural labourers All nine tasks rate Very Low, from watering and weeding by hand to harvesting plants and clearing rubbish. 88 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 61.3 Hands-on
  46. Not ExposedISCO 6340 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers All eight tasks rate Very Low, from gathering wild food and making tools and clothes to fetching water and trading at market. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 71.4 Hands-on
  47. Not ExposedISCO 6210 Forestry and related workers All ten tasks rate Very Low, from felling trees with chainsaws and moving logs to fire watch and training other workers. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 69.7 Hands-on
  48. Not ExposedISCO 6330 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers All nine tasks rate Very Low, from raising animals and gathering wild plants to fetching water and trading at market. 88 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 68.7 Hands-on
  49. Not ExposedISCO 7132 Spray painters and varnishers All three tasks rate Very Low: preparing surfaces and spray painting or varnishing vehicles and other items. 88 holds up 48 AI helps 15.5 AI does it 57.1 Hands-on
  50. Not ExposedISCO 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments All four tasks rate Very Low: making beds and cleaning bathrooms, emptying bins, cleaning kitchens, and vacuuming and polishing. 88 holds up 43.7 AI helps 19 AI does it 53.6 Hands-on
  51. Not ExposedISCO 9212 Livestock farm labourers All ten tasks rate Very Low, from herding and checking on animals to stacking feed and digging ditches. 88 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 68.4 Hands-on
  52. Not ExposedISCO 7542 Shotfirers and blasters All eleven tasks rate Very Low, from planning blast holes and keeping explosives records to packing charges and handling explosives safely. 88 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 76.6 Hands-on
  53. Not ExposedISCO 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified All four tasks rate Very Low: sorting products by hand, clearing and cleaning machines, moving materials, and loading vehicles. 88 holds up 48.7 AI helps 23.5 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  54. Not ExposedISCO 3413 Religious associate professionals All six tasks rate Very Low, from helping at services and religious work to running food, clothing and shelter programmes. 88 holds up 47 AI helps 28 AI does it – Hands-on
  55. Not ExposedISCO 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers All twelve tasks rate Very Low, from embroidering designs and matching thread to patching, darning and repairing garments. 88 holds up 63 AI helps 23 AI does it 60.4 Hands-on
  56. Not ExposedISCO 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators All eight tasks rate Very Low, from driving tractors and forestry machines to felling trees and servicing equipment. 88 holds up 54 AI helps 25 AI does it 78.2 Hands-on
  57. Not ExposedISCO 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers All eight tasks rate Very Low, from slaughtering and trimming carcasses and making sausages to weighing and selling to customers. 88 holds up 41.3 AI helps 17.7 AI does it 58.9 Hands-on
  58. Not ExposedISCO 6310 Subsistence crop farmers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from planting and harvesting to fetching water, gathering firewood and trading at local markets. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  59. Not ExposedISCO 7121 Roofers Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including waterproofing, tiling and thatching roofs. Working out materials from drawings and site visits rates Low. 87 holds up 51.5 AI helps 14 AI does it 75.3 Hands-on
  60. Not ExposedISCO 7131 Painters and related workers All five tasks rate Very Low, from preparing surfaces and mixing colours to painting and hanging wallpaper. 87 holds up 46 AI helps 13 AI does it 67.4 Hands-on
  61. Not ExposedISCO 7215 Riggers and cable splicers All six tasks rate Very Low, from sizing up loads and rigging stage equipment to splicing cables and building drilling derricks. 87 holds up 50.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 67.9 Hands-on
  62. Not ExposedISCO 6320 Subsistence livestock farmers All twelve tasks rate Very Low, from checking animals for illness and shearing to fetching water and trading livestock. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 68.4 Hands-on
  63. Not ExposedISCO 7124 Insulation workers All six tasks rate Very Low, from reading plans and sizing up the job to fitting, blowing and packing insulation. 87 holds up 43.5 AI helps 17.5 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  64. Not ExposedISCO 2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified All four tasks rate Very Low: working with animals, clowning, magic tricks and acrobatics. 87 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  65. Not ExposedISCO 7115 Carpenters and joiners All five tasks rate Very Low, from fitting doors, walls and fixtures to building heavy timber frames and stage sets. 87 holds up 55.7 AI helps 19 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  66. Not ExposedISCO 7212 Welders and flamecutters All eight tasks rate Very Low, from welding and cutting metal to watching for overheating and checking finished pieces. 87 holds up 61 AI helps 24.3 AI does it 59.8 Hands-on
  67. Not ExposedISCO 9412 Kitchen helpers All six tasks rate Very Low, from unpacking and storing supplies to preparing simple food, assembling dishes and cleaning. 87 holds up 46.5 AI helps 22 AI does it 42.2 Hands-on
  68. Not ExposedISCO 7234 Bicycle and related repairers All six tasks rate Very Low, from servicing bikes and replacing brakes and gears to lubricating parts and changing tyres. 87 holds up 51 AI helps 25 AI does it 64.5 Hands-on
  69. Not ExposedISCO 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators All seven tasks rate Very Low, from running excavators and dredges to digging trenches and driving piles. 87 holds up 52 AI helps 21.5 AI does it 77.9 Hands-on
  70. Not ExposedISCO 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery Collecting fares rates Low. Eight of nine tasks rate Very Low, including harnessing and driving animals and hauling wagons. 87 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 65.3 Hands-on
  71. Not ExposedISCO 7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials All fourteen tasks rate Very Low, from grading and washing fibres to spinning, dyeing, crocheting and braiding by hand. 87 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  72. Not ExposedISCO 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from mixing chemicals and filling tanks to spraying, fumigating and setting traps. 87 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 66.6 Hands-on
  73. Not ExposedISCO 7211 Metal moulders and coremakers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from making cores and moulds by hand to cutting runner holes and lifting out patterns. 87 holds up 52 AI helps 18 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  74. Not ExposedISCO 7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials All eleven tasks rate Very Low, from preparing wood, straw and reeds to carving, weaving and painting finished pieces. 86 holds up 57.5 AI helps 21 AI does it 50.1 Hands-on
  75. Not ExposedISCO 7111 House builders Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including roofing, levelling floors and arranging specialist trades. Coordinating subcontractors and workers rates Low. 86 holds up 59 AI helps 22.7 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  76. Not ExposedISCO 7125 Glaziers All four tasks rate Very Low: cutting and fitting glass in windows and skylights, replacing windscreens and building decorative glass features. 86 holds up 53.5 AI helps 16.5 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  77. Not ExposedISCO 5413 Prison guards All seven tasks rate Very Low, from patrolling and watching prisoners to supervising work and helping with rehabilitation. 86 holds up 45 AI helps 24 AI does it 50.1 Hands-on
  78. Not ExposedISCO 5412 Police officers All four tasks rate Very Low: patrolling, arresting suspects, directing traffic and helping victims of accidents, crime and disasters. 86 holds up 66 AI helps 27 AI does it 61.2 Hands-on
  79. Not ExposedISCO 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners All eleven tasks rate Very Low, from playing instruments to check their sound to tuning strings, aligning keys and fitting drumheads. 86 holds up 63 AI helps 21 AI does it 58.6 Hands-on
  80. Not ExposedISCO 3240 Veterinary technicians and assistants All ten tasks rate Very Low, from examining animals and taking samples to cleaning instruments and helping with animal dentistry. 86 holds up 64.5 AI helps 35.5 AI does it 61.6 Hands-on
  81. Not ExposedISCO 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers Eight of nine tasks rate Very Low, including grooming and training animals and cleaning their pens and cages. Labelling medicines and restocking rates Low. 86 holds up 55 AI helps 25.5 AI does it 53.6 Hands-on
  82. Not ExposedISCO 5321 Health care assistants All six tasks rate Very Low, from observing and caring for patients to keeping rooms clean and lifting and moving people. 86 holds up 60 AI helps 26 AI does it 46.1 Hands-on
  83. Not ExposedISCO 9333 Freight handlers All six tasks rate Very Low, from packing furniture and carrying goods to loading vehicles, ships and aircraft and connecting fuel hoses. 86 holds up 55.5 AI helps 30 AI does it 64.1 Hands-on
  84. Not ExposedISCO 2250 Veterinarians All nine tasks rate Very Low, from examining animals and advising owners to surgery, setting bones and euthanasia. 86 holds up 60 AI helps 22 AI does it 37.2 Hands-on
  85. Not ExposedISCO 8350 Ships' deck crews and related workers All six tasks rate Very Low, from steering and keeping lookout to maintaining rigging and lifesaving gear and cleaning and painting the hull. 86 holds up 37 AI helps 16 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  86. Not ExposedISCO 9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers Buying food and household supplies rates Low. Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including cleaning windows, washing dishes and helping with meals. 86 holds up 42 AI helps 10 AI does it 43.8 Hands-on
  87. Not ExposedISCO 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers All five tasks rate Very Low, from grading and blending leaves to shredding tobacco and making cigars and cigarettes. 86 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 65.6 Hands-on
  88. Not ExposedISCO 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Both of its tasks rate Very Low: moulding optical glass into lens blanks and grinding and polishing them. 86 holds up 60.5 AI helps 29 AI does it 47 Hands-on
  89. Not ExposedISCO 8172 Wood processing plant operators All five tasks rate Very Low, from running log conveyors, saws and plywood presses to cleaning sawmill equipment. 86 holds up 54.5 AI helps 27.5 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  90. Not ExposedISCO 9121 Hand launderers and pressers All four tasks rate Very Low: washing and pressing by hand, cleaning with solvents, small repairs and hanging items for collection. 86 holds up 43 AI helps 19 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  91. Not ExposedISCO 7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters Adapting commercial patterns rates Low. Ten of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including choosing fabrics and fitting and altering garments. 85 holds up 60 AI helps 27 AI does it 47.4 Hands-on
  92. Not ExposedISCO 8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators All eleven tasks rate Very Low, from splitting hides and removing flesh and fat to trimming hair and treating pelts by machine. 85 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it – Hands-on
  93. Not ExposedISCO 7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers All five tasks rate Very Low, from mixing preserving ingredients and pressing juice and oil to filling jars and bottles. 85 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 63.3 Hands-on
  94. Not ExposedISCO 8153 Sewing machine operators All eight tasks rate Very Low, from operating industrial sewing machines and watching for stitching faults to attaching buttons, zips and fur strips. 85 holds up 51 AI helps 18 AI does it 51.1 Hands-on
  95. Not ExposedISCO 2261 Dentists Ten of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including restorative work and giving anaesthetics. Supervising staff and teaching patients about dental hygiene rate Low. 85 holds up 66 AI helps 19 AI does it 51.3 Hands-on
  96. Not ExposedISCO 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified All six tasks rate Very Low, including preparing patients, setting up instruments and sterilising equipment. 85 holds up 58.8 AI helps 29.5 AI does it 54.2 Hands-on
  97. Not ExposedISCO 8160 Food and related products machine operators All seven tasks rate Very Low, from mixing, grinding and blending food to brewing, making cheese and pasta and processing carcasses. 85 holds up 49.3 AI helps 22.3 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  98. Not ExposedISCO 7413 Electrical line installers and repairers Identifying faulty breakers, fuses and transformers rates Low. Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including climbing poles and making lines safe. 85 holds up 57 AI helps 15 AI does it 76.4 Hands-on
  99. Not ExposedISCO 8151 Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators All twelve tasks rate Very Low, from blending fibres and recycling wool waste to waterproofing textiles and cleaning carding machines. 85 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 53.9 Hands-on
  100. Not ExposedISCO 7541 Underwater divers Gathering information on the dive and reporting on wrecks rate Low. Ten of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including clearing obstructions and collecting shellfish. 84 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 79.8 Hands-on
  101. Not ExposedISCO 8157 Laundry machine operators All nine tasks rate Very Low, from loading washers and dryers and removing stains to making small repairs and packing orders. 84 holds up 43 AI helps 19 AI does it 57.6 Hands-on
  102. Not ExposedISCO 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified All five tasks rate Very Low, including running machines that measure leather, make hats and braids and fold cloth. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it – Hands-on
  103. Not ExposedISCO 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers Studying plans and preparing specifications rates Low. Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including making furniture, running woodworking machines and finishing surfaces. 84 holds up 60.5 AI helps 24.5 AI does it 66.6 Hands-on
  104. Not ExposedISCO 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators All three tasks rate Very Low: running machines that cut shoe parts, sew and finish them, and make bags, belts and luggage. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  105. Not ExposedISCO 3251 Dental assistants and therapists Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including examining mouths, cleaning teeth and fluoride treatments. Advising on dental hygiene and diet rates Low. 84 holds up 59.5 AI helps 24 AI does it 49.4 Hands-on
  106. Not ExposedISCO 8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators All thirteen tasks rate Very Low, from setting up knitting machines and tending looms to replacing needles and oiling machines. 84 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 60.6 Hands-on
  107. Not ExposedISCO 2636 Religious professionals Six of nine tasks rate Very Low, including leading services, rites and ceremonies. Organising events and counselling people rate Low. 83 holds up 62 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 25.3 Hands-on
  108. Not ExposedISCO 7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers Measuring and inspecting parts rates Low. Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including reading work orders, drawing wire and running forging presses. 83 holds up 52 AI helps 18 AI does it 60.4 Hands-on
  109. Not ExposedISCO 5163 Undertakers and embalmers Arranging funerals and interviewing families for obituaries rate Low. Embalming and meeting health and legal requirements rate Very Low. 83 holds up 47 AI helps 34 AI does it 65.7 Hands-on
  110. Not ExposedISCO 7532 Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters Drawing pattern pieces on computer and calculating pattern sizes rate Low. Ten of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including cutting leather and trimming finished products. 83 holds up 60 AI helps 27 AI does it 52.4 Hands-on
  111. Not ExposedISCO 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Monitoring machines is the one task rated Low. Six of seven rate Very Low, including polishing, grinding and checking surfaces by hand. 83 holds up 59.7 AI helps 25.7 AI does it 77.8 Hands-on
  112. Not ExposedISCO 7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers Checking the quality of raw materials rates Low. Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including watching the oven and icing and glazing. 83 holds up 54 AI helps 22 AI does it 53.8 Hands-on
  113. Not ExposedISCO 7536 Shoemakers and related workers Reading specifications and checking leather quality rate Low. Eleven of thirteen tasks rate Very Low, including making saddles and bags and repairing shoes and belts. 83 holds up 63 AI helps 23 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  114. Not ExposedISCO 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including massage, ultrasound and other hands-on treatments. Recording patients' progress rates Low. 83 holds up 51.5 AI helps 19.5 AI does it 42.3 Hands-on
  115. Not ExposedISCO 6121 Livestock and dairy producers Eleven of thirteen tasks rate Very Low, including shearing, drenching and preparing animals for market. Watching the market and arranging sales rate Low. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 27 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  116. Not ExposedISCO 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers Eight of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including preparing soil and maintaining farm buildings and equipment. Watching the market and arranging sales rate Low. 83 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  117. Not ExposedISCO 6114 Mixed crop growers Nine of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including preparing soil and tending working animals. Marketing and planning crops rate Low. 83 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  118. Not ExposedISCO 8111 Miners and quarriers Completing shift records is the one task rated Low. Eight of nine rate Very Low, including drilling, opening new shafts and installing roof supports. 83 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 73.8 Hands-on
  119. Not ExposedISCO 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers All seven tasks rate Very Low, from inspecting and testing machinery to taking it apart, repairing it and greasing it. 83 holds up 61.5 AI helps 26 AI does it 73.5 Hands-on
  120. Not ExposedISCO 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Inspecting and testing electrical products rates Low. Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including installing and repairing equipment and lifts. 83 holds up 57.5 AI helps 20 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  121. Not ExposedISCO 8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators Spotting cracks and other flaws in finished products rates Low. Twelve of thirteen tasks rate Very Low, including running glass plants and preparing clay. 83 holds up 56 AI helps 23 AI does it 70.8 Hands-on
  122. Not ExposedISCO 6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers Nine of ten tasks rate Very Low, including navigating, storing the catch and mending nets. Keeping records of catches and conditions rates Low. 83 holds up 50 AI helps 21 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  123. Not ExposedISCO 8142 Plastic products machine operators Checking output for defects rates Low. Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including laminating plastics and making spectacle frames and contact lens discs. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 24 AI does it 67.7 Hands-on
  124. Not ExposedISCO 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators All five tasks rate Very Low, from operating signals and switches to making up trains and checking train equipment. 83 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 66.1 Hands-on
  125. Not ExposedISCO 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators All seven tasks rate Very Low, from running cranes and construction hoists to operating ski lifts and opening bridges. 83 holds up 53.7 AI helps 23 AI does it 62.4 Hands-on
  126. Not ExposedISCO 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers Eight of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including preparing soil and harvesting. Watching the market and arranging sales rate Low. 82 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 72.9 Hands-on
  127. Not ExposedISCO 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers Eight of nine tasks rate Very Low, including directing the crew, preserving the catch and mending nets. Keeping the ship's log rates Low. 82 holds up 50 AI helps 21 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  128. Not ExposedISCO 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers Inspecting finished pieces and examining gems under magnification rate Low. Nine of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including casting jewellery by hand and finishing jewel bearings. 82 holds up 58 AI helps 19 AI does it 40.6 Hands-on
  129. Not ExposedISCO 7534 Upholsterers and related workers Advising customers on fabrics and costs and working with interior designers rate Low. Ten of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including hand-sewing cushions and covers. 82 holds up 47 AI helps 19 AI does it 59.3 Hands-on
  130. Not ExposedISCO 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Diagnosing engine faults rates Low. Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including servicing, replacing and rebuilding engines. 82 holds up 55 AI helps 19.5 AI does it 70.9 Hands-on
  131. Not ExposedISCO 7314 Potters and related workers Reading technical drawings and preparing work for sale rate Low. Nine of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including making and finishing pottery and porcelain. 82 holds up 57 AI helps 16 AI does it 59.7 Hands-on
  132. Not ExposedISCO 8331 Bus and tram drivers Controlling the heating and lighting and checking fares rate Low. Driving and opening and closing doors for passengers rate Very Low. 82 holds up 52 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 59.1 Hands-on
  133. Not ExposedISCO 9510 Street and related service workers Taking payment and helping drivers park rate Low. Cleaning car windows and handing out leaflets rate Very Low. 82 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it – Hands-on
  134. Not ExposedISCO 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians Eight of ten tasks rate Very Low, including making dentures, crowns and braces and shaping materials to fit. Reading prescriptions and consulting practitioners rate Low. 82 holds up 64.3 AI helps 24.7 AI does it 51.2 Hands-on
  135. Not ExposedISCO 8143 Paper products machine operators All three tasks rate Very Low: running machines that make envelopes, paper bags, cardboard boxes and paper cups. 82 holds up 50 AI helps 22 AI does it 74.7 Hands-on
  136. Not ExposedISCO 9612 Refuse sorters Selling recyclable materials rates Low. Searching dump sites for recyclables and carting them away rate Very Low. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 36 AI does it 67.8 Hands-on
  137. Not ExposedISCO 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Inspecting and measuring finished pieces rates Low. Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including watching machines for faults and changing worn tools. 82 holds up 62.5 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  138. Not ExposedISCO 8141 Rubber products machine operators Checking output for defects rates Low. Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including building and vulcanising tyres and shaping rubber. 82 holds up 58 AI helps 26 AI does it 69.5 Hands-on
  139. Not ExposedISCO 5142 Beauticians and related workers Booking appointments and taking payment is the one task rated Medium. Six of eight rate Very Low, including massage and hair removal. 82 holds up 58.4 AI helps 30 AI does it 41.6 Hands-on
  140. Not ExposedISCO 5411 Fire-fighters Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including fighting fires, containing dangerous substances and rescuing people. Teaching the public about fire prevention rates Low. 82 holds up 51 AI helps 18 AI does it 67.8 Hands-on
  141. Not ExposedISCO 9411 Fast food preparers Taking and serving orders rates Low. Eight of nine tasks rate Very Low, including reheating food and cleaning cooking areas. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 27 AI does it 41.5 Hands-on
  142. Not ExposedISCO 5120 Cooks Five of seven tasks rate Very Low, including measuring and mixing ingredients and working grills and fryers. Supervising kitchen helpers and setting oven temperatures rate Low. 82 holds up 61 AI helps 22 AI does it 46 Hands-on
  143. Not ExposedISCO 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Nine of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including raising plants from seeds and cuttings and processing produce. Marketing and planning what to grow rate Low. 82 holds up 56 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 77.5 Hands-on
  144. Not ExposedISCO 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Composing visual elements is the one task rated Low. Thirteen of fourteen rate Very Low, including designing lettering, applying transfers and cutting out signs. 82 holds up 60 AI helps 32 AI does it 49.9 Hands-on
  145. Not ExposedISCO 3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals Four of six tasks rate Very Low, including giving traditional treatments and setting fractures. Advising on health and referring patients rate Low. 81 holds up 67 AI helps 29 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  146. Not ExposedISCO 7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers Watching gauges and monitors and inspecting products rate Low. Ten of thirteen tasks rate Very Low, including silvering mirrors and cutting optical glass. 81 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 72.3 Hands-on
  147. Not ExposedISCO 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Keeping drilling and servicing records is the one task rated Medium. Moving and assembling rigs and sealing old wells rate Very Low. 81 holds up 50 AI helps 24 AI does it 78.8 Hands-on
  148. Not ExposedISCO 6122 Poultry producers Nine of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including maintaining sheds and equipment and processing produce. Planning production and arranging sales rate Low. 81 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  149. Not ExposedISCO 6130 Mixed crop and animal producers Eight of ten tasks rate Very Low, including sowing, harvesting and preparing animals for market. Planning production and marketing rate Low. 81 holds up – AI helps – AI does it 67.1 Hands-on
  150. Not ExposedISCO 5311 Child care workers Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including watching children play and helping them wash, dress and eat. Keeping records on each child rates Low. 81 holds up 60.5 AI helps 21.5 AI does it 44.4 Hands-on
  151. Not ExposedISCO 2653 Dancers and choreographers Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including rehearsals, auditions and daily training. Coordinating music with musical directors rates Low. 81 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 35.3 Hands-on
  152. Not ExposedISCO 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified Five of eight tasks rate Very Low, including hands-on therapy and minor surgery on the foot. Tracking progress and recommending home adaptations rate Low. 81 holds up 66.7 AI helps 30.3 AI does it 36.6 Hands-on
  153. Not ExposedISCO 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers Keeping maintenance logs is the one task rated Low. Nine of ten rate Very Low, including reading service manuals and repairing aircraft structures and parts. 81 holds up 64 AI helps 26 AI does it 69.9 Hands-on
  154. Not ExposedISCO 8182 Steam engine and boiler operators Monitoring equipment performance rates Low. Six of seven tasks rate Very Low, including recording readings, making minor repairs and firing boilers. 81 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 69.5 Hands-on
  155. Not ExposedISCO 3222 Midwifery associate professionals Three of four tasks rate Very Low: monitoring pregnancy and labour, delivering babies and caring for mothers and newborns. Giving health advice rates Low. 80 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  156. Not ExposedISCO 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified All five tasks rate Very Low, including enforcing parking rules, handling stray animals, school crossings and lifeguarding. 80 holds up 57.7 AI helps 26.8 AI does it 52.4 Hands-on
  157. Not ExposedISCO 8344 Lifting truck operators Keeping records of work and breakdowns rates Low. Driving forklifts, securing loads and routine maintenance rate Very Low. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 18 AI does it 69.7 Hands-on
  158. Not ExposedISCO 9321 Hand packers Labelling products by hand rates Low. Weighing, wrapping and filling containers by hand rate Very Low. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 29 AI does it 59.4 Hands-on
  159. Not ExposedISCO 5152 Domestic housekeepers Buying and managing household supplies rate Low. Five of nine tasks rate Very Low, including cleaning and looking after minor injuries or illness. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 24 AI does it 55.9 Hands-on
  160. Not ExposedISCO 8311 Locomotive engine drivers Radio contact with crews and traffic controllers rates Low. Driving trains and watching for track hazards and signals rate Very Low. 80 holds up 53 AI helps 38 AI does it 71.7 Hands-on
  161. Not ExposedISCO 6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified Seven of nine tasks rate Very Low, including processing produce and preparing animals for market. Watching the market and marketing rate Low. 80 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  162. Not ExposedISCO 5414 Security guards Controlling access to buildings rates Low. Five of six tasks rate Very Low, including responding to alarms, patrolling and transporting cash. 80 holds up 61 AI helps 33 AI does it 46.9 Hands-on
  163. Not ExposedISCO 5165 Driving instructors All six tasks rate Very Low, from teaching road rules and safety to instructing learners behind the wheel. 80 holds up 65 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  164. Not ExposedISCO 7222 Toolmakers and related workers Preparing templates and reading engineering drawings rate Low. Seven of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including laying out metal stock and repairing firearms. 80 holds up 63.5 AI helps 25 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  165. Not ExposedISCO 8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators Checking plating thickness rates Low. Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including mixing plating solutions and running electroplating and cleaning equipment. 80 holds up 58.3 AI helps 24.7 AI does it 66.7 Hands-on
  166. Not ExposedISCO 9334 Shelf fillers Directing customers and noting what needs restocking rate Low. Filling shelves and removing out-of-date goods rate Very Low. 80 holds up 47 AI helps 22 AI does it 56.2 Hands-on
  167. Not ExposedISCO 9520 Street vendors (excluding food) Taking payment rates Low. Buying or making goods, approaching customers and carrying stock rate Very Low. 80 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  168. Not ExposedISCO 7213 Sheet-metal workers Planning jobs and turning blueprints into shop drawings rate Low. Marking out sheet metal and making tanks and boilers rate Very Low. 79 holds up 56.1 AI helps 22.6 AI does it 67 Hands-on
  169. Not ExposedISCO 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics Reading blueprints and specifications rates Low. Installing, connecting, testing and repairing systems rate Very Low. 79 holds up 56 AI helps 26 AI does it 72.6 Hands-on
  170. Not ExposedISCO 9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers Collecting fares rates Low. Loading goods, helping passengers and maintaining the vehicle rate Very Low. 79 holds up 59 AI helps 40 AI does it 62.8 Hands-on
  171. Not ExposedISCO 2342 Early childhood educators Seven of nine tasks rate Very Low, such as creative play and helping children learn to eat, dress and use the toilet. Planning activities and checking welfare rate Low. 79 holds up 64 AI helps 27 AI does it 27.1 Hands-on
  172. Not ExposedISCO 8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators Recording shift output and checking processed material rate Low. Eight of ten tasks rate Very Low, including positioning stone on saws and stacking finished material. 79 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 67.1 Hands-on
  173. Not ExposedISCO 2651 Visual artists Six of eight tasks rate Very Low, such as engraving, etching and carving sculpture. Arranging subjects and drawing cartoons rate Low. 79 holds up 60.5 AI helps 32.5 AI does it 44.2 Hands-on
  174. Not ExposedISCO 8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators Keying processing instructions into equipment is the one task rated Medium. Ten of twelve rate Very Low, including cleaning furs and filters and lubricating machines. 79 holds up 56 AI helps 24 AI does it 64.8 Hands-on
  175. Not ExposedISCO 3143 Forestry technicians Nine of ten tasks rate Very Low, including tending forests, running tree nurseries and building forest roads. Only helping prepare forest management plans rates Low. 79 holds up 72 AI helps 40.5 AI does it 70.2 Hands-on
  176. Not ExposedISCO 5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classified Welcoming and looking after nightclub guests rates Low. Accompanying clients on outings and acting as a dance partner rate Very Low. 79 holds up 41.5 AI helps 27 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  177. Not ExposedISCO 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Testing the accuracy of watches, meters and gauges rates Low. Seven of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including cleaning watch parts and repairing instrument structures. 79 holds up 64 AI helps 28 AI does it 48 Hands-on
  178. Not ExposedISCO 3258 Ambulance workers Recording patients' conditions and treatment is the one task rated Medium. The other five rate Very Low, from assessing people at emergencies to giving drugs on the way to hospital. 79 holds up 55 AI helps 25 AI does it 71.6 Hands-on
  179. Not ExposedISCO 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards Eight of eleven tasks rate Very Low, including checking emergency equipment and giving first aid. Pre-flight briefings and selling duty-free goods rate Low. 79 holds up 53 AI helps 26 AI does it 54.5 Hands-on
  180. Not ExposedISCO 7513 Dairy-products makers Recording ingredients, test results and time cycles is the one task rated Medium. Churning butter and salting and washing cheese rate Very Low. 79 holds up 54 AI helps 21 AI does it 65.8 Hands-on
  181. Not ExposedISCO 7523 Woodworking-machine tool setters and operators Reading specifications and following instructions is the one task rated Medium. Setting up machines and fitting blades and bits rate Very Low. 78 holds up 58 AI helps 26 AI does it 60.6 Hands-on
  182. Minimal ExposureISCO 3221 Nursing associate professionals Updating patient records is the one task rated Medium. Four of six rate Very Low, including first aid in emergencies and dressing wounds. 78 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 43 Hands-on
  183. Not ExposedISCO 5162 Companions and valets Helping entertain visitors rates Low. Looking after an employer's wardrobe and keeping them company rate Very Low. 78 holds up 47 AI helps 21 AI does it 55 Hands-on
  184. Not ExposedISCO 1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managers Eight of thirteen tasks rate Very Low, such as directing the spawning, rearing and moving of fish. Budgets, records and managing workers rate Low. 78 holds up 66 AI helps 41 AI does it 62.2 Hands-on
  185. Not ExposedISCO 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians Seven of eight tasks rate Very Low, including positioning patients and administering radiopharmaceuticals. Operating imaging equipment rates Low. 78 holds up 65 AI helps 29.5 AI does it 61.3 Hands-on
  186. Not ExposedISCO 5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments Buying and controlling supplies rate Low. Five of eight tasks rate Very Low, including cleaning kitchens, floors and furniture. 78 holds up 52.3 AI helps 23.7 AI does it 55.9 Hands-on
  187. Not ExposedISCO 7323 Print finishing and binding workers Running reproduction devices and setting up binding equipment rate Low. Folding, sewing and binding books by hand and machine rate Very Low. 78 holds up 54.5 AI helps 27 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  188. Not ExposedISCO 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists Five of seven tasks rate Very Low, including breeding and tending bees or silkworms and collecting what they produce. Planning and arranging sales rate Low. 78 holds up 65 AI helps 34 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  189. Not ExposedISCO 8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators All three tasks rate Very Low: running machines that label, wrap, seal, fill and pack products. 78 holds up 53 AI helps 29 AI does it 62.7 Hands-on
  190. Not ExposedISCO 3253 Community health workers Informing families about health and visiting homes rate Low. Handing out medical supplies and checking on families who rarely see a doctor rate Very Low. 78 holds up 67.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 23.5 Hands-on
  191. Not ExposedISCO 5212 Street food salespersons Selling food and drink and getting a licence rate Low. Buying stock and pushing or carrying it to where it's sold rate Very Low. 78 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 39.4 Hands-on
  192. Not ExposedISCO 6221 Aquaculture workers Delivering and marketing products is the one task rated Medium. Seven of ten rate Very Low, including preparing fish and maintaining tanks and boats. 78 holds up 66 AI helps 41 AI does it 60.9 Hands-on
  193. Not ExposedISCO 7521 Wood treaters Keeping production reports is the one task rated Medium. Running kilns and treatment tanks and moving timber rate Very Low. 78 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 79.2 Hands-on
  194. Not ExposedISCO 8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operators Keeping production records and checking plans and specifications rate Low. Six of ten tasks rate Very Low, including mixing concrete and cutting and polishing stone. 77 holds up 57.5 AI helps 28 AI does it 70.6 Hands-on
  195. Not ExposedISCO 3421 Athletes and sports players Five of eight tasks rate Very Low, including competing in events. Promotional work, media interviews and planning strategy with coaches rate Low. 77 holds up 53 AI helps 19 AI does it 59.9 Hands-on
  196. Not ExposedISCO 1113 Traditional chiefs and heads of village Four of seven tasks rate Very Low, including sharing out the community's produce and performing ceremonies. Informing villagers about government rules and allocating land rate Low. 77 holds up 41 AI helps 20 AI does it 22 Hands-on
  197. Not ExposedISCO 3151 Ships' engineers Four of five tasks rate Very Low, all about running, maintaining and repairing engines and machinery. Ordering fuel and stores and keeping records rates Low. 77 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 68.3 Hands-on
  198. Not ExposedISCO 2240 Paramedical practitioners Reporting births, deaths and diseases is the one task rated Medium. Six of nine rate Very Low, including injections, stitches and routine procedures. 77 holds up 55 AI helps 25 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  199. Not ExposedISCO 3355 Police inspectors and detectives Four of six tasks rate Low, including analysing evidence and developing sources. Gathering intelligence on crimes and making arrests rate Very Low. 77 holds up 66 AI helps 27 AI does it 50.6 Hands-on
  200. Not ExposedISCO 2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians Four of seven tasks rate Very Low, including examining eyes and diagnosing eye movement defects. Prescribing lenses and referring patients rate Low. 76 holds up 68 AI helps 23 AI does it 38.4 Hands-on
  201. Not ExposedISCO 2266 Audiologists and speech therapists Four of seven tasks rate Very Low, including therapy for speech disorders and fitting hearing aids. Running tests and referring patients rate Low. 76 holds up 69 AI helps 30 AI does it 30.4 Hands-on
  202. Not ExposedISCO 5246 Food service counter attendants Taking orders and payment rate Low. Five of eight tasks rate Very Low, including preparing food and reheating meals. 76 holds up 54.5 AI helps 32.5 AI does it 35.2 Hands-on
  203. Not ExposedISCO 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Giving technical advice and monitoring telecommunications systems is the one task rated Medium. Installing antennae and joining cables rate Very Low. 76 holds up 63.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 65.2 Hands-on
  204. Not ExposedISCO 3254 Dispensing opticians Reading prescriptions and helping clients choose frames and lenses rate Low. Taking facial measurements and checking finished glasses rate Very Low. 76 holds up 61 AI helps 30 AI does it 43.3 Hands-on
  205. Minimal ExposureISCO 5245 Service station attendants Stock control and sales reports are the one task rated Medium. Six of eight rate Very Low, including cleaning pumps and washing windscreens. 76 holds up 48 AI helps 26 AI does it 65.5 Hands-on
  206. Not ExposedISCO 5312 Teachers' aides Preparing and copying teaching materials is the one task rated Medium. Five of seven rate Very Low, including helping children with learning difficulties and social skills. 76 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 29.1 Hands-on
  207. Not ExposedISCO 3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates Six of ten tasks rate Very Low, including controlling disease carriers and acting to prevent pollution. Advising businesses and the public on the rules rates Low. 76 holds up 68.5 AI helps 36.8 AI does it 52.6 Hands-on
  208. Not ExposedISCO 8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators Testing samples and monitoring reactions rate Low. Starting, adjusting and repairing machines and plant rate Very Low. 76 holds up 59.5 AI helps 29 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  209. Not ExposedISCO 3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders Instructing people on equipment and planning activities rate Low. Enforcing safety rules and watching over activities rate Very Low. 75 holds up 60.7 AI helps 32.3 AI does it 41 Hands-on
  210. Not ExposedISCO 5241 Fashion and other models Posing for photography and filmed commercials rate Low. Wearing sample clothes and posing for artists rate Very Low. 75 holds up 62 AI helps 36 AI does it 32.8 Hands-on
  211. Not ExposedISCO 7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers Keeping maintenance and repair records is the one task rated Medium. Five of nine rate Very Low, including connecting components and replacing worn parts and wiring. 75 holds up 65.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 62.1 Hands-on
  212. Minimal ExposureISCO 5112 Transport conductors Answering passengers' questions and complaints is the one task rated Medium. Seven of ten rate Very Low, including handling emergencies and opening and closing doors. 75 holds up 52 AI helps 49 AI does it 57 Hands-on
  213. Not ExposedISCO 7322 Printers Six of nine tasks rate Low, including producing digital print images and checking print quality. Maintaining the presses and loading paper rate Very Low. 75 holds up 56 AI helps 26.5 AI does it 74.9 Hands-on
  214. Minimal ExposureISCO 8321 Motorcycle drivers Keeping a log of journeys is the one task rated Medium. Riding, delivering and maintaining the motorcycle rate Very Low. 75 holds up 59 AI helps 40 AI does it 60.5 Hands-on
  215. Not ExposedISCO 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Collecting technical data and helping test robotics equipment rate Low. Building and testing pollution-control devices rates Very Low. 74 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  216. Not ExposedISCO 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians Four of six tasks rate Low, including checking lab supplies and running instruments. Collecting samples and preparing materials rate Very Low. 74 holds up 72 AI helps 40 AI does it 48.2 Hands-on
  217. Not ExposedISCO 3142 Agricultural technicians Five of nine tasks rate Very Low, including preparing experiments and maintaining research equipment. Collecting data and estimating costs rate Low. 74 holds up 72 AI helps 41 AI does it 47.3 Hands-on
  218. Not ExposedISCO 5132 Bartenders Taking orders and payment rate Low. Six of ten tasks rate Very Low, including washing glasses, cleaning the bar and changing kegs. 74 holds up 49 AI helps 24 AI does it 43.9 Hands-on
  219. Not ExposedISCO 3115 Mechanical engineering technicians Six of eight tasks rate Low, including cost estimates and checking designs meet specifications. Testing and installing mechanical assemblies rate Very Low. 74 holds up 66.5 AI helps 34 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  220. Not ExposedISCO 8121 Metal processing plant operators Testing samples, writing logs and adjusting equipment rate Low. Running processing machinery and checking it for faults rate Very Low. 74 holds up 63 AI helps 31 AI does it 72.1 Hands-on
  221. Not ExposedISCO 3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators Five of eight tasks rate Low, including plant logs and monitoring gauges and filters. Safety checks and running incinerator furnaces rate Very Low. 73 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 66.9 Hands-on
  222. Minimal ExposureISCO 5153 Building caretakers Filling out tenant registration forms is the one task rated Medium. Patrolling for security and doing cleaning and simple repairs rate Very Low. 73 holds up 60 AI helps 43 AI does it 53 Hands-on
  223. Minimal ExposureISCO 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers Seven of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including organising farm operations and directing planting and harvesting. Budgets and production records are the one task rated Medium. 73 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 62.2 Hands-on
  224. Not ExposedISCO 3113 Electrical engineering technicians Five of six tasks rate Low, including research support and cost estimates. Assembling, installing and repairing electrical equipment rates Very Low. 73 holds up 72 AI helps 48 AI does it 53.5 Hands-on
  225. Minimal ExposureISCO 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers Recording production data is the one task rated Medium. Assembling and fitting parts and rejecting faulty assemblies rate Very Low. 73 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  226. Not ExposedISCO 2212 Specialist medical practitioners Five of twelve tasks rate Very Low, including surgery and managing complications in childbirth. Research and advising patients on prevention rate Low. 73 holds up 65.6 AI helps 24.6 AI does it 38.2 Hands-on
  227. Not ExposedISCO 8132 Photographic products machine operators Six of eight tasks rate Low, including running developing and printing equipment. Making film and paper and preparing film in the darkroom rate Very Low. 73 holds up 61.7 AI helps 31.3 AI does it 41.3 Hands-on
  228. Not ExposedISCO 3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals Flight plans, certificates and flight records rate Low. Solving problems in flight and inspecting the aircraft rate Very Low. 73 holds up 60 AI helps 31 AI does it 66 Hands-on
  229. Not ExposedISCO 3131 Power production plant operators Keeping station logs and reading meters rate Low. Operating boilers, turbines and generators, and cleaning and maintaining them, rate Very Low. 73 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 46 Hands-on
  230. Minimal ExposureISCO 8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators Production reports are the one task rated Medium. Starting and stopping machinery and threading paper rolls rate Very Low. 73 holds up 59 AI helps 33 AI does it 70.7 Hands-on
  231. Not ExposedISCO 3112 Civil engineering technicians Six of nine tasks rate Low, including cost estimates and technical help on building projects. Testing soils and materials and organising repairs rate Very Low. 72 holds up 71.5 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 48.8 Hands-on
  232. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers Choosing the best route is the one task rated Medium. Helping passengers with luggage and wheelchair access rate Very Low. 72 holds up 57.3 AI helps 38 AI does it 68.9 Hands-on
  233. Minimal ExposureISCO 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Recording production data is the one task rated Medium. Assembling components and winding wire coils rate Very Low. 72 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 56.3 Hands-on
  234. Not ExposedISCO 2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals Seven of ten tasks rate Low, including waste disposal plans and safety training. Running pollution-control and workplace ergonomics programmes rate Very Low. 72 holds up 72 AI helps 36 AI does it 41.1 Hands-on
  235. Not ExposedISCO 2652 Musicians, singers and composers Writing and arranging music rate Low. Composing melodies and playing instruments, solo or in a group, rate Very Low. 72 holds up 60 AI helps 23.5 AI does it 25.9 Hands-on
  236. Minimal ExposureISCO 5131 Waiters Presenting bills and taking payment is the one task rated Medium. Setting and clearing tables rate Very Low. 72 holds up 45 AI helps 25.5 AI does it 48.2 Hands-on
  237. Not ExposedISCO 3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians Five of eight tasks rate Low, including cost estimates and research support. Collecting and testing rock and metal samples and helping design mines rate Very Low. 72 holds up 68 AI helps 35.5 AI does it 54.1 Hands-on
  238. Not ExposedISCO 3123 Construction supervisors Reading specifications and organising materials and labour rate Low. Safety inspections and supervising trades workers on site rate Very Low. 72 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  239. Not ExposedISCO 2635 Social work and counselling professionals Seven of eleven tasks rate Low, including case reports and assessing clients' situations. Advising parole boards and investigating abuse or neglect rate Very Low. 72 holds up 68.3 AI helps 37.8 AI does it 17.8 Hands-on
  240. Minimal ExposureISCO 2264 Physiotherapists Keeping patient records is the one task rated Medium. Four of seven rate Very Low, including physical assessments and hands-on treatment. 72 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 48.7 Hands-on
  241. Not ExposedISCO 2352 Special needs teachers Keeping student records and reports is the one task rated Medium. Five of eleven rate Very Low, including building confidence and teaching practical skills. 72 holds up 71 AI helps 36 AI does it 33.5 Hands-on
  242. Not ExposedISCO 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Writing reports and running advisory sessions for farmers is the one task rated Medium. Five of twelve rate Very Low, including studying tree growth and fish migration. 72 holds up 73.5 AI helps 34 AI does it 46.6 Hands-on
  243. Not ExposedISCO 3121 Mining supervisors Four of five tasks rate Low, including reports for managers and planning work schedules. Supervising the workers doing the extraction rates Very Low. 71 holds up 67 AI helps 33 AI does it 69 Hands-on
  244. Not ExposedISCO 3152 Ships' deck officers and pilots Radio contact with shore stations and other ships is the one task rated Medium. Commanding and navigating the vessel and safe loading rate Very Low. 71 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it 67.9 Hands-on
  245. Not ExposedISCO 3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators Four of five tasks rate Low, including testing samples, running control panels and starting up and shutting down processes. Checking equipment and pipes for leaks rates Very Low. 71 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 68.5 Hands-on
  246. Minimal ExposureISCO 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Selling and checking tickets rate Low. Assigning lockers and guiding people out in an emergency rate Very Low. 71 holds up 42 AI helps 24.5 AI does it 41.8 Hands-on
  247. Not ExposedISCO 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Eight of nine tasks rate Low, including planning how water, oil and gas are moved and evaluating mines. Setting underground safety standards rates Very Low. 71 holds up 72.7 AI helps 33 AI does it 23.8 Hands-on
  248. Not ExposedISCO 3133 Chemical processing plant controllers Testing samples, writing production logs and running the control room panel rate Low. Feeding in raw materials and checking equipment for faults rate Very Low. 71 holds up 69 AI helps 40 AI does it 64.1 Hands-on
  249. Minimal ExposureISCO 5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers Forecasting events from readings is the one task rated Medium. Reading palms, cards and tea leaves and advising on evil influences rate Very Low. 70 holds up 40 AI helps 25 AI does it 61 Hands-on
  250. Not ExposedISCO 2330 Secondary education teachers Nine of eleven tasks rate Low, including designing courses and marking. Preparing the classroom and keeping order rate Very Low. 70 holds up 60 AI helps 34.5 AI does it 27.5 Hands-on
  251. Minimal ExposureISCO 1341 Child care services managers Keeping the centre's records and accounts is the one task rated Medium. Five of nine rate Very Low, including tracking children's progress and running development programmes. 70 holds up 65 AI helps 31 AI does it 31.9 Hands-on
  252. Minimal ExposureISCO 2222 Midwifery professionals Registering births and research rate Medium. Four of eight tasks rate Very Low, including caring for newborns and easing pain during labour. 70 holds up 67 AI helps 30 AI does it 41.9 Hands-on
  253. Minimal ExposureISCO 3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants Pricing and filing prescriptions and keeping patient records is the one task rated Medium. Filling and labelling medicines and cleaning equipment rate Very Low. 70 holds up 69 AI helps 29 AI does it 41.4 Hands-on
  254. Not ExposedISCO 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Eight of nine tasks rate Low, across fields from optical instruments to biomedical and marine engineering. Designing explosive ordnance rates Very Low. 70 holds up 71.8 AI helps 34.4 AI does it 29.8 Hands-on
  255. Minimal ExposureISCO 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Recording patients' health and treatment is the one task rated Medium. Examining patients and giving treatment rate Very Low. 70 holds up 65.5 AI helps 30.3 AI does it 50.8 Hands-on
  256. Minimal ExposureISCO 7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders Recording grades on tags and sheets is the one task rated Medium. Tasting, smelling, weighing and measuring products rate Very Low. 69 holds up 61.5 AI helps 32 AI does it 55.5 Hands-on
  257. Minimal ExposureISCO 3135 Metal production process controllers Keeping shift logs and production reports is the one task rated Medium. Running process machinery and handling emergency start-ups and shutdowns rate Very Low. 69 holds up 63 AI helps 31 AI does it 66 Hands-on
  258. Minimal ExposureISCO 3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians Entering test results into records is the one task rated Medium. Five of ten rate Very Low, including culturing organisms and maintaining lab equipment. 69 holds up 70 AI helps 31.5 AI does it 44 Hands-on
  259. Minimal ExposureISCO 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Analysing test data is the one task rated Medium. Recording results rates Low, and measuring products and grading fibres Very Low. 69 holds up 65 AI helps 36.5 AI does it 58.3 Hands-on
  260. Minimal ExposureISCO 3154 Air traffic controllers Briefing crews on weather and flight conditions is the one task rated Medium. Directing aircraft on the runways rates Low, and organising emergency and rescue response Very Low. 69 holds up 60 AI helps 31 AI does it 39.2 Hands-on
  261. Not ExposedISCO 1111 Legislators All eight tasks rate Low, from setting government policy and looking into public concerns to negotiating with other legislators and sitting on committees. None reaches Medium. 69 holds up 63 AI helps 26 AI does it – Hands-on
  262. Not ExposedISCO 2612 Judges Six of seven tasks rate Low, including researching legal issues, writing opinions and sentencing. Presiding over trials and hearings rates Very Low. 69 holds up 58 AI helps 34 AI does it 7.8 Hands-on
  263. Not ExposedISCO 2151 Electrical engineers Four of six tasks rate Low, mostly designing power and motor systems. Specifying installations and planning maintenance and repair rate Very Low. 69 holds up 71 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.8 Hands-on
  264. Minimal ExposureISCO 2655 Actors Reading scripts and researching roles is the one task rated Medium. Learning lines and performing roles on stage and screen rate Very Low. 69 holds up 58 AI helps 24 AI does it 32.4 Hands-on
  265. Minimal ExposureISCO 5113 Travel guides Eight of nine tasks rate Low, including describing sights, registering visitors and running school activities. Keeping groups safe and giving first aid rates Very Low. 68 holds up 62 AI helps 48 AI does it 40.9 Hands-on
  266. Minimal ExposureISCO 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Recording production data is the one task rated Medium. Inspecting and rejecting faulty products rates Low, and assembling parts Very Low. 68 holds up 45 AI helps 15 AI does it 61.2 Hands-on
  267. Minimal ExposureISCO 3351 Customs and border inspectors Recording findings and violations is the one task rated Medium. Detaining people, seizing goods and patrolling borders rate Very Low. 68 holds up 66.5 AI helps 36.5 AI does it 50.9 Hands-on
  268. Minimal ExposureISCO 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers Seven of nine tasks rate Low, including budgets and promoting events. Keeping facilities clean, safe and in good condition rates Very Low. 68 holds up 71.5 AI helps 41 AI does it 30.4 Hands-on
  269. Not ExposedISCO 2144 Mechanical engineers Six of seven tasks rate Low, mostly advising on and designing machinery, aircraft parts and equipment. Designing engines and motors rates Very Low. 68 holds up 72 AI helps 35 AI does it 37.3 Hands-on
  270. Not ExposedISCO 3116 Chemical engineering technicians All five tasks rate Low, from lab tests and process research to monitoring plant and drawing plant layouts. 68 holds up 67 AI helps 33 AI does it 55.6 Hands-on
  271. Minimal ExposureISCO 2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals Research and lifestyle advice rate Low. Examining patients and carrying out treatment plans rate Very Low. 68 holds up 64 AI helps 28 AI does it 28.9 Hands-on
  272. Minimal ExposureISCO 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Revising courses and materials is the one task rated Medium. Ten of twelve rate Low, including teaching theory and demonstrating practical skills. 67 holds up 70 AI helps 44 AI does it 16.9 Hands-on
  273. Minimal ExposureISCO 3412 Social work associate professionals Assessing clients' needs and monitoring how programmes work rate Medium. Counselling people in group homes and crisis intervention rate Very Low. 67 holds up 65.3 AI helps 35 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  274. Minimal ExposureISCO 2262 Pharmacists Advising on drug interactions is the one task rated Medium. Prescription records rate Low, and preparing and storing medicines Very Low. 67 holds up 68 AI helps 32 AI does it 24.3 Hands-on
  275. Minimal ExposureISCO 1323 Construction managers All eleven tasks rate Low, from preparing tenders and running site programmes to negotiating with owners, developers and subcontractors. 66 holds up 70 AI helps 33 AI does it 53.1 Hands-on
  276. Minimal ExposureISCO 2353 Other language teachers Marking work and exams and producing teaching materials rate Medium. Delivering lessons rates Low, and helping students in classes taught in another language Very Low. 66 holds up 73.5 AI helps 53.5 AI does it 21.5 Hands-on
  277. Minimal ExposureISCO 3155 Air traffic safety electronics technicians Developing and debugging system software is the one task rated Medium. Supervising the installation and operation of equipment rates Very Low. 66 holds up 71.5 AI helps 46.5 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  278. Minimal ExposureISCO 1343 Aged care services managers Budgets and reports are the one task rated Medium. Directing care staff rates Low, and coordinating care services for older people Very Low. 66 holds up 69.5 AI helps 31 AI does it 26.1 Hands-on
  279. Minimal ExposureISCO 2355 Other arts teachers Nine of ten tasks rate Low, including teaching theory and assessing students. Demonstrating drama, dance and visual arts in person rates Very Low. 65 holds up 73 AI helps 51 AI does it 24.2 Hands-on
  280. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3256 Medical assistants Four of ten tasks rate Medium, including booking appointments, billing and prescription refills. Five rate Very Low, such as helping doctors examine patients and keeping rooms clean. 65 holds up 69 AI helps 29 AI does it 41.5 Hands-on
  281. Minimal ExposureISCO 1322 Mining managers Preparing production records and reports is the one task rated Medium. Budgets and safety rate Low, and installing new plant and equipment Very Low. 65 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  282. Minimal ExposureISCO 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Preparing cost estimates, records and reports is the one task rated Medium. Spotting staff or parts shortages and keeping workers safe rate Very Low. 65 holds up 72 AI helps 42 AI does it 57.3 Hands-on
  283. Minimal ExposureISCO 2320 Vocational education teachers Keeping grades and attendance records is the one task rated Medium. One-to-one instruction and teaching the safe use of tools rate Very Low. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 48 AI does it 44.5 Hands-on
  284. Minimal ExposureISCO 3118 Draughtspersons Seven of eight tasks rate Low, including drawing in CAD and preparing wiring and layout diagrams. Copying artwork onto printing plates rates Very Low. 65 holds up 71 AI helps 43.5 AI does it 26.5 Hands-on
  285. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5211 Stall and market salespersons Keeping accounts and stock records is the one task rated Medium. Setting up stalls, carrying goods and displaying and wrapping them rate Very Low. 65 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  286. Minimal ExposureISCO 2145 Chemical engineers Cost estimates and progress reports are the one task rated Medium. Designing plant and processes rates Low, and lab studies of new processes Very Low. 65 holds up 72.3 AI helps 32.3 AI does it 24.2 Hands-on
  287. Minimal ExposureISCO 3334 Real estate agents and property managers Six of seven tasks rate Low, including leases, rent collection and negotiating with tenants and owners. Arranging maintenance workers rates Very Low. 65 holds up 70 AI helps 47 AI does it 32.6 Hands-on
  288. Minimal ExposureISCO 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Editing and mixing image and sound is the one task rated Medium. Recording sound rates Low, and emergency equipment repairs Very Low. 65 holds up 66.3 AI helps 38.8 AI does it 48.9 Hands-on
  289. Minimal ExposureISCO 2354 Other music teachers Revising courses and teaching materials is the one task rated Medium. Demonstrating how to sing or play an instrument rates Very Low. 65 holds up 73 AI helps 51 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  290. Minimal ExposureISCO 1212 Human resource managers All eleven tasks rate Low. Running HR information systems is the most exposed; making sure the organisation meets employment, health and safety law is among the least. 64 holds up 66 AI helps 36 AI does it 13.6 Hands-on
  291. Not ExposedISCO 1213 Policy and planning managers All nine tasks rate Low. Policy research and analysis is the most exposed; representing the organisation and overseeing staff are the least. 64 holds up 70.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  292. Minimal ExposureISCO 3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified All four tasks rate Low: record-keeping for investigations and checking prices, wages and weights and measures. 64 holds up 66.8 AI helps 40.8 AI does it 50.8 Hands-on
  293. Minimal ExposureISCO 5222 Shop supervisors Planning rosters and making sure customers are served promptly rate Medium. Handling returns rates Low, and enforcing safety procedures Very Low. 64 holds up 68 AI helps 42 AI does it 35.1 Hands-on
  294. Minimal ExposureISCO 1342 Health services managers All ten tasks rate Low, from budgets and reports to liaising with other providers, recruiting staff and representing the service. 64 holds up 69.5 AI helps 37 AI does it 26.6 Hands-on
  295. Minimal ExposureISCO 1345 Education managers Budgets and reports are the one task rated Medium. The other ten rate Low, including promoting the school, setting discipline and looking after facilities. 64 holds up 70 AI helps 37.5 AI does it 18 Hands-on
  296. Minimal ExposureISCO 1412 Restaurant managers Keeping stock and financial records is the one task rated Medium. Buying and pricing rate Low, and keeping the kitchen and dining room up to health standards Very Low. 64 holds up 69 AI helps 43 AI does it 52.3 Hands-on
  297. Minimal ExposureISCO 2114 Geologists and geophysicists Charting the Earth's magnetic field and measuring the seas and atmosphere rate Medium. Nine tasks rate Low, and finding construction materials rates Very Low. 64 holds up 72 AI helps 33 AI does it 44.8 Hands-on
  298. Minimal ExposureISCO 2611 Lawyers Evaluating findings and building arguments for a case is the one task rated Medium. Drafting documents, pleading in court and prosecuting rate Low. 64 holds up 61.3 AI helps 37 AI does it 17.4 Hands-on
  299. Minimal ExposureISCO 2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers All seven tasks rate Low, from writing and editing programmes and negotiating royalties to directing productions and staging scenes. 64 holds up 68.5 AI helps 38.5 AI does it 24.3 Hands-on
  300. Minimal ExposureISCO 2141 Industrial and production engineers Nine of ten tasks rate Low, including analysing workflows, layouts and production schedules. Inspecting plant to keep it running well rates Very Low. 63 holds up 72 AI helps 35 AI does it 34.6 Hands-on
  301. Minimal ExposureISCO 3432 Interior designers and decorators Nine of ten tasks rate Low, including sketches, plans and working through designs with clients. Painting stage scenery rates Very Low. 63 holds up 68.3 AI helps 35.3 AI does it 35.8 Hands-on
  302. Minimal ExposureISCO 1114 Senior officials of special-interest organizations All nine tasks rate Low: tracking the organisation's performance, promoting its members' interests, and representing and negotiating on their behalf. 63 holds up 66.5 AI helps 28.5 AI does it 24.1 Hands-on
  303. Minimal ExposureISCO 1344 Social welfare managers Budgets, reports and spending control are the one task rated Medium. The other nine, including advising government and managing staff, rate Low. 63 holds up 69 AI helps 32 AI does it 26.2 Hands-on
  304. Minimal ExposureISCO 2310 University and higher education teachers Marking exams and writing scholarly papers rate Medium. Supervising practical work rates Low, and giving lectures and tutorials Very Low. 63 holds up 69.5 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  305. Minimal ExposureISCO 4321 Stock clerks All five tasks rate Low, from keeping stock records and ordering to logging deliveries and weighing goods. 63 holds up 65.3 AI helps 47.3 AI does it 60.2 Hands-on
  306. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 4415 Filing and copying clerks Keeping records of what is filed and removed is the one task rated Medium. Sorting and filing rate Low, and photocopying and scanning Very Low. 63 holds up 74 AI helps 76 AI does it 41.9 Hands-on
  307. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians Entering data and checking bibliographic records rate Medium. Mounting displays and packing and unpacking exhibits rate Very Low. 63 holds up 68 AI helps 47 AI does it 48.5 Hands-on
  308. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters Planning the most efficient route is the one task rated Medium. Delivering packages and carrying luggage rate Very Low. 63 holds up 47.7 AI helps 29.7 AI does it 67.6 Hands-on
  309. Minimal ExposureISCO 2161 Building architects Eight of nine tasks rate Low, including drawings, specifications and consulting clients on site. Checking building work against the plans rates Very Low. 63 holds up 72.5 AI helps 44.5 AI does it 19.8 Hands-on
  310. Minimal ExposureISCO 2162 Landscape architects Eight of nine tasks rate Low, including analysing site data and writing specifications. Checking construction against the plans rates Very Low. 63 holds up 72 AI helps 46 AI does it 21.6 Hands-on
  311. Minimal ExposureISCO 1211 Finance managers All eight tasks rate Low. Preparing budgets and assessing the financial position are the most exposed; consulting other managers and overseeing staff are the least. 63 holds up 73.3 AI helps 45.7 AI does it 8.5 Hands-on
  312. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 1411 Hotel managers Arranging tours and transport for guests and reviewing guest satisfaction rate Medium. Security, grounds maintenance and safety compliance rate Very Low. 63 holds up 69.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 39.6 Hands-on
  313. Minimal ExposureISCO 2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified Property transfers, legal advice and drafting contracts rate Low. Holding inquests into unexplained deaths rates Very Low. 63 holds up 64 AI helps 37 AI does it 10.2 Hands-on
  314. Minimal ExposureISCO 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials Compiling scores and records and planning competition schedules rate Medium. Motivating athletes and officiating at events rate Low. 63 holds up 66 AI helps 34 AI does it 32.1 Hands-on
  315. Minimal ExposureISCO 1120 Managing directors and chief executives All eleven tasks rate Low, from setting strategy and tracking performance to choosing senior staff and leading the organisation. 62 holds up 66.5 AI helps 28.5 AI does it 23.8 Hands-on
  316. Minimal ExposureISCO 1112 Senior government officials Reviewing and approving documents and reports is the one task rated Medium. Advising on budgets, laws and policy rates Low, and coordinating with other senior officials Very Low. 62 holds up 67.7 AI helps 31 AI does it 29.7 Hands-on
  317. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Reading and recording meters rates High, and keeping records of stock and takings Medium. Collecting coins and refilling vending machines rate Very Low. 62 holds up 54.5 AI helps 37.5 AI does it 52.5 Hands-on
  318. Minimal ExposureISCO 1321 Manufacturing managers Production records and reports, and budgets and cost control, are the two tasks rated Medium. Nine rate Low, and installing new plant rates Very Low. 62 holds up 70.7 AI helps 41.7 AI does it 42.2 Hands-on
  319. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2111 Physicists and astronomers Four of eleven tasks rate Medium, led by analysing experimental results and modelling celestial data. Testing equipment rates Low, and delivering radiation safely to patients Very Low. 62 holds up 75 AI helps 33 AI does it 21.5 Hands-on
  320. Minimal ExposureISCO 3114 Electronics engineering technicians Drawing circuit blueprints is the one task rated Medium. Estimating costs, testing systems and checking installations rate Low. 62 holds up 74 AI helps 47 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  321. Minimal ExposureISCO 2143 Environmental engineers Researching and reporting on environmental impact is the one task rated Medium. Monitoring programmes, collaborating and inspecting facilities rate Low. 62 holds up 71 AI helps 33 AI does it 29.2 Hands-on
  322. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) Three of thirteen tasks rate Medium, including modelling data on computers and maintaining databases. Setting up and running lab equipment rates Very Low. 62 holds up 72 AI helps 40 AI does it 52.1 Hands-on
  323. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 7321 Pre-press technicians Laying out images and text on computer and checking proofs rate Medium. Making printing plates and preparing cylinders rate Very Low. 62 holds up 73 AI helps 31 AI does it 30.5 Hands-on
  324. Minimal ExposureISCO 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Budgets and reports are the one task rated Medium. Planning services, working with other agencies and overseeing staff rate Low. 62 holds up 71 AI helps 41.3 AI does it 30.9 Hands-on
  325. Minimal ExposureISCO 2133 Environmental protection professionals All seven tasks rate Low, from conservation plans and field sampling to impact assessments and compliance checks. 62 holds up 72 AI helps 32 AI does it 37 Hands-on
  326. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5223 Shop sales assistants Selling and taking payment is the one task rated Medium. Advising customers rates Low, and stacking, displaying and wrapping goods Very Low. 62 holds up 63.3 AI helps 48.8 AI does it 50 Hands-on
  327. Minimal ExposureISCO 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers All twelve tasks rate Low. Recording purchases and stock is the most exposed; negotiating supplier contracts and managing staff are the least. 62 holds up 73.3 AI helps 50.3 AI does it 30.2 Hands-on
  328. Minimal ExposureISCO 2113 Chemists Research and writing scientific papers rate Medium. Developing new materials rates Low, and using micro-organisms to make new compounds Very Low. 61 holds up 74 AI helps 33 AI does it 36.4 Hands-on
  329. Minimal ExposureISCO 1222 Advertising and public relations managers All eight tasks rate Low, from planning advertising and public relations campaigns to setting procedures and overseeing staff. 61 holds up 72 AI helps 38 AI does it 20 Hands-on
  330. Minimal ExposureISCO 3333 Employment agents and contractors Matching jobseekers with vacancies is the one task rated Medium. Finding workers, advising on training and talking with employers rate Low. 61 holds up 68 AI helps 51 AI does it 38.3 Hands-on
  331. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 3431 Photographers Scanning photos and adapting images for digital media rate Medium. Taking portraits and creating visual effects rate Low. 61 holds up 61 AI helps 27 AI does it 47.3 Hands-on
  332. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2634 Psychologists Workplace surveys and research, and writing papers, rate Medium. Counselling and therapy sessions and keeping in touch with families and schools rate Low. 61 holds up 69 AI helps 43 AI does it 12.1 Hands-on
  333. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 2351 Education methods specialists Documenting and evaluating new courses is the one task rated Medium. Observing teachers in classrooms rates Very Low. 61 holds up 71 AI helps 39 AI does it 21 Hands-on
  334. Minimal ExposureISCO 3323 Buyers Working out stock requirements and specifications is the one task rated Medium. Negotiating with suppliers, scheduling deliveries and managing stock rate Low. 61 holds up 67 AI helps 40 AI does it 18.3 Hands-on
  335. Exposed: Gradient 1ISCO 5230 Cashiers and ticket clerks Issuing event tickets and running the cash register rate Medium. Scanning and weighing goods rates Low, and bagging them Very Low. 61 holds up 58 AI helps 49.5 AI does it 36.5 Hands-on
  336. Minimal ExposureISCO 1223 Research and development managers Planning and coordinating research and development is the one task rated Medium. The other seven, including daily operations and managing staff, rate Low. 60 holds up 71 AI helps 43 AI does it 30.3 Hands-on
  337. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals Writing up research and advising on conservation rate Medium. Classifying and monitoring organisms rates Low, and collecting specimens in the field Very Low. 60 holds up 73.3 AI helps 33.3 AI does it 37.1 Hands-on
  338. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2424 Training and staff development professionals Researching background material is the one task rated Medium. Writing training materials, identifying needs and evaluating courses rate Low. 59 holds up 76 AI helps 57 AI does it 19.3 Hands-on
  339. Minimal ExposureISCO 2164 Town and traffic planners Planning traffic routes and public transport is the one task rated Medium. Analysing community data, planning land use and consulting authorities rate Low. 59 holds up 71 AI helps 45 AI does it 9 Hands-on
  340. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks Delivery confirmation records and sorting and logging correspondence rate Medium. Handling mail at the counter and delivering it to homes and businesses rate Low. 59 holds up 59.5 AI helps 38 AI does it 57 Hands-on
  341. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1221 Sales and marketing managers Setting prices, discounts and promotion budgets is the one task rated Medium. Running daily operations and overseeing staff rate Low. 59 holds up 72 AI helps 38 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  342. Minimal ExposureISCO 2265 Dieticians and nutritionists Research and presenting findings is the one task rated Medium. Planning diets, assessing nutrition data and advising people rate Low. 59 holds up 76 AI helps 40 AI does it 15.6 Hands-on
  343. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classified Checking information and answering questions about benefits and claims rate Medium. Interviewing applicants and referring them elsewhere rate Low. 58 holds up 71 AI helps 67 AI does it 8.6 Hands-on
  344. Minimal ExposureISCO 2422 Policy administration professionals Researching social and economic trends is the one task rated Medium. Drafting policy options, assessing impacts and consulting stakeholders rate Low. 58 holds up 74.5 AI helps 48 AI does it 17.6 Hands-on
  345. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5242 Sales demonstrators Taking orders and arranging payment and delivery is the one task rated Medium. Handing out samples and catalogues rates Very Low. 58 holds up 62 AI helps 36 AI does it 39.9 Hands-on
  346. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified Three of ten tasks rate Medium, led by writing procedures and guidelines and preparing financial reports and budgets. Strategic advice and overseeing staff rate Low. 58 holds up 70.7 AI helps 45.7 AI does it 36.1 Hands-on
  347. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2152 Electronics engineers Three of eight tasks rate Medium, led by designing signal processing algorithms and researching radar and remote control systems. Maintenance and repair rate Very Low. 58 holds up 73.5 AI helps 33.5 AI does it 26.5 Hands-on
  348. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4214 Debt-collectors and related workers Recommending legal action when a debt goes unpaid is the one task rated Medium. Tracing debtors and contacting customers to collect rate Low. 57 holds up 70 AI helps 69 AI does it 17.8 Hands-on
  349. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3341 Office supervisors Coordinating and reviewing clerks' work is the one task rated Medium. Solving problems, training staff and evaluating performance rate Low. 57 holds up 71 AI helps 54.3 AI does it 35.4 Hands-on
  350. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3511 Information and communications technology operations technicians Sorting programme output and reading job set-up instructions rate Medium. Monitoring systems rates Low, and loading printers and other equipment Very Low. 57 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 20 Hands-on
  351. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3513 Computer network and systems technicians Helping users with network problems is the one task rated Medium. Running and troubleshooting networks and installing hardware and software rate Low. 57 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 30.3 Hands-on
  352. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3354 Government licensing officials Processing licence applications and paperwork is the one task rated Medium. Approving passports, advising applicants and running licence tests rate Low. 57 holds up 71.5 AI helps 53.5 AI does it 26.1 Hands-on
  353. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5221 Shop keepers Budgeting and keeping stock and sales records is the one task rated Medium. Ordering goods, taking inventory and handling returns rate Low. 57 holds up 73 AI helps 48 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  354. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2432 Public relations professionals Commissioning and analysing public opinion research is the one task rated Medium. Advising executives and organising and attending events rate Low. 57 holds up 70 AI helps 49 AI does it 12.2 Hands-on
  355. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1420 Retail and wholesale trade managers Advertising the business and keeping stock and sales records rate Medium. Hiring and supervising staff and safety compliance rate Low. 56 holds up 73 AI helps 50 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  356. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4322 Production clerks Preparing production schedules from customer orders is the one task rated Medium. Scheduling materials, tracking work between departments and calculating material needs rate Low. 56 holds up 69 AI helps 45.5 AI does it 26 Hands-on
  357. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2165 Cartographers and surveyors Recording survey data and compiling maps from aerial and satellite images rate Medium. Surveying land, mines and waterways on site rates Very Low. 56 holds up 76 AI helps 40 AI does it 38.1 Hands-on
  358. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1330 Information and communications technology service managers Three of eleven tasks rate Medium, including assessing technology needs and overseeing system security. Leading technical staff and hiring rate Low. 56 holds up 70 AI helps 38 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  359. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3324 Trade brokers Analysing market trends is the one task rated Medium. Connecting buyers and sellers and negotiating commodity deals rate Low. 56 holds up 74 AI helps 51.3 AI does it 34.1 Hands-on
  360. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified Half of its six tasks rate Medium, including researching services and buyers' needs. Negotiating and signing contracts rate Low. 56 holds up 70.5 AI helps 49.9 AI does it 15.6 Hands-on
  361. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers Setting odds and deciding which bets to take rate Medium. Explaining the house rules rates Low, and dealing cards and spinning the wheel Very Low. 55 holds up 66 AI helps 57.3 AI does it 31.9 Hands-on
  362. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2423 Personnel and careers professionals Analysing jobs and preparing occupational information rate Medium. Advising on recruitment, placement and training rates Low. 55 holds up 67.5 AI helps 44 AI does it 14.4 Hands-on
  363. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3315 Valuers and loss assessors Writing valuation reports and assessing damage and loss rate Medium. Judging the value of property and goods rates Low, and inspecting items in person Very Low. 55 holds up 72 AI helps 43.5 AI does it 29.9 Hands-on
  364. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3353 Government social benefits officials Examining benefit applications and keeping client records rate Medium. Interviewing recipients and advising on the rules rate Low. 55 holds up 68 AI helps 39 AI does it 19.7 Hands-on
  365. Minimal ExposureISCO 3522 Telecommunications engineering technicians All five tasks rate Low, from research support and supervising maintenance to cost estimates and reading blueprints. 55 holds up 69 AI helps 46 AI does it 49.1 Hands-on
  366. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 5243 Door to door salespersons Four of seven tasks rate Medium, including listing prospects and recording orders. Travelling between clients with samples rates Very Low. 54 holds up 61 AI helps 42 AI does it 25.7 Hands-on
  367. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2421 Management and organization analysts Three of nine tasks rate Medium, led by analysing workflows, records and job descriptions and issuing revised procedures. Talking with staff and shaping strategy rate Low. 54 holds up 71.5 AI helps 44.5 AI does it 20.2 Hands-on
  368. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4411 Library clerks Managing journal subscriptions and filing and word processing rate Medium. Helping users find materials rates Low, and putting books back on the shelves Very Low. 54 holds up 63 AI helps 48 AI does it 36.9 Hands-on
  369. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers Six of eleven tasks rate Medium, led by assessing loan and insurance applications and advising customers. Managing staff and customer relationships rate Low. 53 holds up 70 AI helps 38 AI does it 17 Hands-on
  370. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2356 Information technology trainers Half of its six tasks rate Medium, led by keeping up with new software and researching training material. Designing, running and evaluating training rate Low. 53 holds up 76 AI helps 57 AI does it 19.3 Hands-on
  371. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3512 Information and communications technology user support technicians Five of nine tasks rate Medium, including researching fixes in manuals and helping developers. Installing and repairing hardware rates Very Low. 53 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 36.8 Hands-on
  372. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists Half of its eight tasks rate Medium, including checking and describing historical sources and publishing findings. Developing theories and reasoning about first causes rate Low. 53 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  373. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2621 Archivists and curators Four of ten tasks rate Medium, led by managing electronic records and deciding what to preserve. Cataloguing and building collections rate Low. 53 holds up 72.5 AI helps 41.5 AI does it 42.6 Hands-on
  374. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media Preparing background for programmes and reading the news rate Medium. Introducing guests and interviewing people rate Low. 53 holds up 68 AI helps 41 AI does it 26.8 Hands-on
  375. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals Five of nine tasks rate Medium, led by analysing social data and advising on policy. Tracing human history through excavated remains rates Very Low. 52 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 19 Hands-on
  376. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3332 Conference and event planners Registering participants and promoting events rate Medium. Negotiating costs and overseeing contractors rate Low. 52 holds up 73 AI helps 53 AI does it 47.7 Hands-on
  377. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders Valuing pledged items, calculating interest and making loans rate Medium. Collecting loans and keeping records rate Low. 52 holds up 63 AI helps 42 AI does it – Hands-on
  378. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2153 Telecommunications engineers Four of seven tasks rate Medium, led by signal processing and designing communications networks. Broadcast network design and maintenance rate Low. 52 holds up 72 AI helps 41 AI does it 32.9 Hands-on
  379. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 2511 Systems analysts Writing functional specifications and linking an organisation's computer systems rate Medium. Deploying solutions and extending systems rate Low. 51 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 24.7 Hands-on
  380. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3322 Commercial sales representatives Three of seven tasks rate Medium, including keeping up with the market and following up clients. Selling and reporting customer feedback rate Low. 51 holds up 72 AI helps 63 AI does it 33.6 Hands-on
  381. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3313 Accounting associate professionals Half of its six tasks rate Medium, including accounting calculations and preparing financial statements. Solving bookkeeping problems and supervising clerks rate Low. 51 holds up 75.5 AI helps 68.5 AI does it 16.2 Hands-on
  382. Exposed: Gradient 2ISCO 3352 Government tax and excise officials Examining tax returns and keeping records rate Medium. Investigating accounts and advising the public on tax law rate Low. 51 holds up 68 AI helps 39 AI does it 18.1 Hands-on
  383. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4323 Transport clerks Four of six tasks rate Medium, led by keeping road transport records and writing reports for management. Directing train routings and freight at rail yards rate Low. 51 holds up 71.3 AI helps 57 AI does it 27.7 Hands-on
  384. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) Half of its twelve tasks rate Medium, including keeping up with products and compiling lists of prospects. Visiting clients and estimating installation costs rate Low. 50 holds up 73 AI helps 50 AI does it 28.8 Hands-on
  385. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2434 Information and communications technology sales professionals Updating customer records, writing sales reports and passing feedback to manufacturers rate Medium. Selling equipment and arranging delivery and installation rate Low. 49 holds up 72 AI helps 58 AI does it 24.4 Hands-on
  386. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4224 Hotel receptionists Seven of nine tasks rate Medium, including giving guests information and taking payment at checkout. Passing on housekeeping and maintenance requests rates Low. 49 holds up 67 AI helps 66 AI does it 28.3 Hands-on
  387. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks Three of five tasks rate Medium, led by coding and classifying information and checking proofs against originals. Sorting forms and addressing envelopes by hand rate Low. 49 holds up 75 AI helps 68 AI does it 6.3 Hands-on
  388. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2523 Computer network professionals Four of seven tasks rate Medium, led by analysing system designs and recommending network improvements. Installing networks and troubleshooting emergencies rate Low. 48 holds up 71 AI helps 45 AI does it 36.6 Hands-on
  389. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3252 Medical records and health information technicians Four of six tasks rate Medium, led by coding medical records and running record indexes and storage. Checking records and keeping them confidential rate Low. 48 holds up 73 AI helps 64.7 AI does it 21.9 Hands-on
  390. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3321 Insurance representatives Half of its six tasks rate Medium, including working out the cover a client needs and calculating premiums. Negotiating large contracts and reinsurance rate Low. 47 holds up 74 AI helps 59 AI does it 21 Hands-on
  391. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3514 Web technicians Four of seven tasks rate Medium, including building web pages and writing documentation. Keeping websites running and supporting users rate Low. 47 holds up 69 AI helps 53 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  392. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3344 Medical secretaries Five of eight tasks rate Medium, including insurance claim forms and billing. Keeping medical charts and supervising office staff rate Low. 47 holds up 68.5 AI helps 54 AI does it 25.5 Hands-on
  393. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2112 Meteorologists Six of nine tasks rate Medium, led by analysing station, radar and satellite data and building weather models. Field experiments such as cloud seeding rate Low. 46 holds up 75 AI helps 33 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  394. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries Five of eight tasks rate Medium, including scheduling meetings and travel and producing verbatim reports. Supervising clerical staff and liaising with colleagues rate Low. 46 holds up 71.3 AI helps 70.3 AI does it 27.9 Hands-on
  395. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4223 Telephone switchboard operators Four of five tasks rate Medium, including connecting calls and taking messages. Reporting faults to repair services rates Low. 46 holds up 70 AI helps 65 AI does it 13.1 Hands-on
  396. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2641 Authors and related writers Four of six tasks rate Medium, led by editing material and writing manuals and instructions. Writing novels, plays and scripts rates Low. 46 holds up 69.5 AI helps 57.5 AI does it 16.4 Hands-on
  397. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4227 Survey and market research interviewers Asking survey questions and recording answers rate Medium. Contacting people and resolving inconsistencies in responses rate Low. 45 holds up 64 AI helps 71 AI does it 26.8 Hands-on
  398. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified Writing testing policies and test plans rate Medium. Checking programs meet requirements and installing software and hardware rate Low. 45 holds up 76.3 AI helps 59.3 AI does it 11.6 Hands-on
  399. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3342 Legal secretaries Five of seven tasks rate Medium, including scheduling meetings and proofreading legal documents. Helping with budgets and contracts and supervising staff rate Low. 45 holds up 69.5 AI helps 54.5 AI does it 25.2 Hands-on
  400. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2622 Librarians and related information professionals All nine tasks rate Medium, from organising and cataloguing information to reference searches, loans and choosing new stock. 45 holds up 70 AI helps 47.3 AI does it 24.1 Hands-on
  401. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals Six of nine tasks rate Medium, led by writing ad copy and scripts and analysing consumer data. Marketing strategy and advice on pricing and promotion rate Low. 45 holds up 74.5 AI helps 57.5 AI does it 7.1 Hands-on
  402. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2631 Economists Ten of twelve tasks rate Medium, led by analysing labour market and economic data. Forecasting and researching market conditions rate Low. 45 holds up 74.5 AI helps 51 AI does it 2.7 Hands-on
  403. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4221 Travel consultants and clerks Six of eight tasks rate Medium, led by making reservations and comparing travel options. Helping with visas and checking in passengers rate Low. 45 holds up 63.5 AI helps 61 AI does it 21.9 Hands-on
  404. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians Nine of ten tasks rate Medium, from designing surveys and pension schemes to writing up findings. Only supervising assistants rates Low. 44 holds up 77 AI helps 58 AI does it 7.2 Hands-on
  405. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4226 Receptionists (general) Making appointments and handing out forms and brochures rate Medium. Welcoming visitors and directing them rate Low. 44 holds up 67 AI helps 66 AI does it 23.9 Hands-on
  406. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2522 Systems administrators Four of five tasks rate Medium, including running networks, recommending configuration changes and doing backups. Diagnosing hardware and software faults rates Low. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 46.5 AI does it 23.3 Hands-on
  407. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals Seven of eight tasks rate Medium, led by preparing statistical results and maintaining registers and samples. Only supervising statistical clerks rates Low. 43 holds up 74 AI helps 68 AI does it 8.5 Hands-on
  408. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2521 Database designers and administrators Five of six tasks rate Medium, from designing and testing databases to setting data policies. Only routine backups and recovery rate Low. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 48 AI does it 9.5 Hands-on
  409. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2514 Applications programmers Four of five tasks rate Medium, among them writing code, documenting it and running test runs. Only identifying and explaining technical problems rates Low. 43 holds up 77 AI helps 63 AI does it 13.5 Hands-on
  410. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents Four of five tasks rate Medium, including checking insurance and import and export papers and issuing bills of lading. Customs clearance rates Low. 43 holds up 71 AI helps 64 AI does it 59 Hands-on
  411. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4225 Enquiry clerks Four of five tasks rate Medium, including answering enquiries and recording complaints. Passing complex cases to experts rates Low. 43 holds up 70 AI helps 66 AI does it 22.5 Hands-on
  412. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2412 Financial and investment advisers Four of six tasks rate Medium, including arranging share trades and insurance cover for clients. Setting financial goals and building a client base rate Low. 43 holds up 74 AI helps 48 AI does it 1.8 Hands-on
  413. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4120 Secretaries (general) Screening meeting requests and organising meetings is the one task rated High, and six more rate Medium. Handling incoming and outgoing mail rates Low. 42 holds up 69 AI helps 67 AI does it 24.6 Hands-on
  414. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 4414 Scribes and related workers All three tasks rate Medium: writing letters and filling in forms for others, reading documents aloud to people who can't read, and helping with official paperwork. 42 holds up 75 AI helps 68 AI does it 55 Hands-on
  415. Exposed: Gradient 3ISCO 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists Five of six tasks rate Medium, including revising translations and interpreting speech or sign language. Only studying how languages evolved rates Low. 41 holds up 71 AI helps 47 AI does it 17.7 Hands-on
  416. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4110 General office clerks Seven of eight tasks rate Medium, including typing up and proofreading information and preparing invoices. Sorting and sending mail rates Low. 41 holds up 63.5 AI helps 54 AI does it 27.6 Hands-on
  417. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 2513 Web and multimedia developers Four of five tasks rate Medium, including writing code and building animations, games and video. Only talking to network specialists about security and hosting rates Low. 40 holds up 76 AI helps 44 AI does it 9.4 Hands-on
  418. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 3312 Credit and loans officers All six tasks rate Medium, from interviewing applicants and checking their finances to recommending approval and chasing overdue payments. 40 holds up 71 AI helps 68 AI does it 12.6 Hands-on
  419. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4416 Personnel clerks Six of seven tasks rate Medium, including sending out job ads, keeping personnel records and answering questions about entitlements. Processing applications and advising applicants rates Low. 40 holds up 73 AI helps 76 AI does it 22.9 Hands-on
  420. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4313 Payroll clerks All five tasks rate Medium, from checking hours and leave to preparing payments and reconciling time sheets. 39 holds up 70 AI helps 68 AI does it 17.3 Hands-on
  421. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 5244 Contact centre salespersons Booking appointments for sales representatives rates High, and six more tasks rate Medium. Only reporting on competitors and customer issues rates Low. 39 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 16.6 Hands-on
  422. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 2413 Financial analysts Eight of nine tasks rate Medium, from forecasting and analysing financial data to writing reports on companies and markets. Only keeping up with industry developments rates Low. 38 holds up 77 AI helps 69 AI does it 7.5 Hands-on
  423. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified All four tasks rate Medium: taking classified ad orders, writing routine correspondence, finding and filing articles, and helping prepare publications. 37 holds up 66 AI helps 54 AI does it 28.1 Hands-on
  424. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers All five tasks rate Medium, from recording buy and sell orders and analysing markets to researching clients and arranging loans. 37 holds up 76 AI helps 58 AI does it 23.7 Hands-on
  425. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks All five tasks rate Medium, from issuing bills and statements to recording, summarising and checking financial data. 36 holds up 75.5 AI helps 70 AI does it 10.4 Hands-on
  426. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks All five tasks rate Medium, including processing insurance claims, calculating figures and keeping records of securities. 36 holds up 74 AI helps 68 AI does it 11.8 Hands-on
  427. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4131 Typists and word processing operators All seven tasks rate Medium, from typing and transcribing recordings to checking spelling and formatting and filing documents. 35 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 20.4 Hands-on
  428. Exposed: Gradient 4ISCO 4132 Data entry clerks All five tasks rate Medium: entering data, registering documents, checking and correcting entries and running calculating machines. It has the lowest score of all 427 jobs. 30 holds up 76 AI helps 81 AI does it 30.6 Hands-on

The bands are the ILO's own groups, word for word. AI helps, AI does it and hands-on are measured separately and never added into the score. A dash means there's no data for that job.