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Clerical support workers · code 4311

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks

Accounting and bookkeeping clerks compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. They perform any combination of routine calculating, posting and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. Tasks include - (a) checking figures, postings and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy and proper codes; (b) operating computers programmed with accounting software to record, store and analyse information; (c) classifying, recording and summarizing numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers; (d) calculating, preparing and issuing bills, invoices, account statements and other financial statements according to established procedures. (e) compiling statistical, financial, accounting or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses. Examples of the occupations included here: - Accounts clerk - Bookkeeping clerk - Cost computing clerk Some related occupations classified elsewhere: - Accounting assistant - 3313 - Bookkeeper - 3313

The ILO’s highest group: nearly every task is affected. It ranks 424 of 427 for holding up against AI.

Also known as

  • billing clerk
  • sales support assistant

Job titles from the EU's ESCO list. Search for any of them on the jobs page and you'll end up here.

36
Holds up
against AI Exposed: Gradient 4

AI could take on 64 of 100, on average
so it holds up at 100 − 64 = 36

That's the whole sum, and you can check it against the ILO's study.

10.4
How hands-on
out of 100

From O*NET, averaged across 2 US jobs

19.5
How fiddly
and cramped

finger skill 24.2 · hand skill 16.1 · cramped spaces 18.1 · averaged

Kind of hands-on work · hands-on under 50 Less than half hands-on

Less than half of this job is hands-on. Robots still matter, but for a smaller part of the work, so we don't sort it any further.

estimated O*NET 31.0 BLS occupational crosswalk chain ISCO-08 to 2010 SOC (Aug 2012, rev. Jun 2015); 2010 to 2018 SOC (Nov 2017); O*NET-SOC 2019 taxonomy data 0.7-work-setting measures chosen by Frey & Osborne (2017) · the grouping is a sorting, not a measurement

What this number leaves out This job rates 10.4 out of 100 for how hands-on it is. The score above only looks at AI tools, not robots, but for work this far from the physical that matters less.

The tasks behind the score

The score is the average of these. A job is really a bundle of tasks, and an average can hide how uneven that bundle is.

The task AI could do most of scores 71, while the average is 64. A big gap means some of this job is wide open to AI and some of it barely at all. That's quite different from a job where everything sits somewhere in the middle, even when the averages match.

  1. 71

    Calculating, preparing and issuing bills, invoices, account statements and other financial statements according to established procedures.

    Medium
  2. 70

    Operating computers programmed with accounting software to record, store and analyse information

    Medium
  3. 64

    Compiling statistical, financial, accounting or auditing reports and tables pertaining to such matters as cash receipts, expenditures, accounts payable and receivable, and profits and losses.

    Medium
  4. 62

    Classifying, recording and summarizing numerical and financial data to compile and keep financial records, using journals and ledgers or computers

    Medium
  5. 53

    Checking figures, postings and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy and proper codes

    Medium

5 tasks · the High to Very Low labels are the ILO's

from the source Working Paper 140, Generative AI and Jobs 2025 index data 0.7-work-setting

Helped, or replaced?

The score above can't tell a tool that makes you faster from one that does the task instead of you. Jobs and Skills Australia looked at those two things separately, and this is their result, matched to this job.

2 Australian jobs match this one, and we've simply averaged them. Treat the numbers as a rough guide.

AI helps you
75.5
AI does it for you
70

Helping wins by 5.5 points.

estimated Our Gen AI Transition (Gen AI Capacity Study) September 2025 detailed data release data 0.7-work-setting matched to Australian jobs 5511, 5512

Compared with similar jobs

There are 29 jobs in the “Clerical support workers” group, averaging 46.9. This one is below that.